In the north, the movement reached its zenith in the Burned-Over District of Charles Finney. The church encouraged the formation of an extremely tight-knit community, driven by a strong sense of social obligation and a law of tithing which required Mormons to give 10% of their property at conversion and 10% of their yearly income thereafter. The most successful denominations of the Second Great Awakening were the Methodist and Baptist churches. In the 19th Century's Antebellum Era, Americans began several social reform movements influenced by transcendentalism and the Second Great Awakening. - antebellum culture in America reflected the growing sectional crisis, at times seeking to pave over sectional differences and at other times making light of them - for the most part the reforms were a part of internal turmoil and the international scope was very limited Students also viewed Chapter 12 questions 10 terms emaust Give Me Liberty Ch. (1) The only transaction affecting common or preferred shares during 2013 was the sale of treasury stock. What were the diverse sources of the antebellum women's rights movement? Other important politicians, including James Madison and Abraham Lincoln, favored repatriation rather than emancipation. But one of the greatest frustrations that many black abolitionists faced was the racism they sometimes experienced from their fellow white abolitionists. After Turners execution, lawyer Thomas Grey published The Confessions of Nat Turner, an account of his conversations with Turner before he was tried. For the most part, colonizationists accepted the idea of black inferiority. \quad\text{Total Assets}& \$20,000,000 &\$17,000,000\\ \quad\text{Average Shares Outstanding)} &&\$ 2.68\\ Prisons existed not to rehabilitate criminals for their eventual return to society but to house them until the time that they would be punished, most often by fines, public whipping, or execution, also a public spectacle. Do not delete this text first. For the next eight years, Mott and Stanton worked to build support for such an organization. Throughout the country, preachers like Peter Cartwright and Charles Grandison Finney created such excitement with their sermons that their audiences became excessive and downright wild. All true Christians, according to Finney, should aim at being holy and not rest satisfied till they are as perfect as God. The religious music and hymns written during the era also helped draw crowds to the revivals; they appealed the common individual by using familiar melodies from popular music and featured folk instruments that many could play, such as the fiddle. Angelina later married Theodore Dwight Weld, a prominent abolitionist preacher. Tax-supported state school systems open to all children. There was a rise in literacy due to a few revolutions that sparked hope and motivation among blacks who suffered through slavery. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. \text{Gain on Sale of Machinery and Equipment}&& 200,000\\ \quad\text{Total Liabilities and Shareholders Equity}& \$20,000,000 &\$17,000,000\\ ASSETSCurrentAssetsCashCertificateofDepositAccountsReceivable(NetofEstimatedUncollectiblesof$100,000in2012and$160,000in2013)MerchandiseInventoryPrepaymentsTotalCurrentAssetsInvestmentsChicagoFinanceCorporation(40%Owned)RosenwaldCompany(50%Owned)HutchinsonCompany(25%Owned)TotalInvestmentsProperty,Plant,andEquipmentLandBuildingMachineryandEquipmentPropertyRightsAcquiredUnderLeaseTotalLessAccumulatedDepreciationandAmortizationTotalProperty,Plant,andEquipmentIntangibles(atNetCarryingValue)PatentGoodwillTotalIntangiblesTotalAssetsLIABILITIESANDSHAREHOLDERSEQUITYCurrentLiabilitiesAccountsPayableAdvancesfromCustomersSalariesPayableIncomeTaxesPayableRentReceivedinAdvanceOtherCurrentLiabilitiesTotalCurrentLiabilitiesLong-TermDebtBondsPayableEquipmentMortgageIndebtednessCapitalizedLeaseObligationTotalLong-TermDebtDeferredTaxLiabilityShareholdersEquityConvertiblePreferredStockCommonStockAdditionalPaid-InCapitalRetainedEarningsTotalLessCostofTreasurySharesTotalShareholdersEquityTotalLiabilitiesandShareholdersEquity$100,000225,000600,0001,800,000200,000$2,925,000$4,000,0001,025,000175,000$5,200,000$500,0004,000,0008,000,0001,500,000$14,000,000(4,000,000)$10,000,000$750,0001,125,000$1,875,000$20,000,000$550,000640,000300,000430,00050,000460,000$2,430,000$3,648,000332,0001,020,000$5,000,000$1,570,000$2,000,0002,000,0003,000,0005,000,000$12,000,000(1,000,000)$11,000,000$20,000,000$200,000500,0001,500,000200,000$2,400,000$2,200,000900,000100,000$3,200,000$400,0004,000,0007,300,0001,500,000$13,200,000(3,800,000)$9,400,000$875,0001,125,000$2,000,000$17,000,000$400,000660,000240,000300,000200,000$1,800,000$3,600,0001,300,0001,100,000$6,000,000$1,400,000$2,000,0002,000,0002,400,0002,800,000$9,200,000(1,400,000)$7,800,000$17,000,000. Preachers and believers all over the country saw humankind and society as good and perfectible, able to improve and strive to become more like God. The struggle to end slavery has a long history both globally and in the United States; indeed, the struggle to end slavery emerged at roughly the same time as slavery itself. For some women, church membership and the new Christian message offered more personal power and greater personal freedom, as becoming active in the church was considered to be acceptable feminine conduct. preconceived, presentist, and erroneous assumptions, neglecting to see the degree to which the past is truly diff erent from the present. For example, as Frederick Douglass rose to prominence as an orator in the abolitionist movement, he began speaking not only of his life as a slave, but also analyzing abolitionist policies. Moreover, black congregations could not hold religious meetings without a licensed white minister present, presumably to assure that the right messages on slavery and freedom were the only ones presented from the pulpit. Twenty years later in Charleston, South Carolina, lay-preacher Denmark Vesey led a similar conspiracy to incite rebellion. Education would "equalize the conditions of men.". Black and white abolitionists often had different agendas by the 1840s, and certainly in the 1850s. The movement began in Europe in the 1700s with the growth of the Baptist movement and the foundation of the Methodist church. \text{Capitalized Lease Obligation}& 1,020,000& 1,100,000\\ Others sought to build and improve public and state institutions such as prisons, asylums, and schools. One of the defining characteristics of the Second Great Awakening was large gatherings at religious revivals. Many Americans found this radical notion of racial equality and the call to end these restrictive laws intimidating or even frightening. The Seneca Falls Convention worked to establish____. \text{Convertible Preferred Stock}& \$ 2,000,000 &\$ 2,000,000\\ Antebellum Reform Americans after 1815 embraced many religios and social movements in pursuit of solutions for the problems, evils, and misfortunes of mankind. What might the cost be in dollars? Ministers such as Connecticut Presbyterian Lyman Beecher also spoke out against alcohol as a societal evil. The Antebellum Period in American history is generally considered to be the period before the Civil War and after the War of 1812, although some historians expand it to all the years from the adoption of the Constitution in 1789 to the beginning of the Civil War. It declared that all men and women are created equal, and went on to list the repeated injuries and usurpations on the part of man toward women, including that He has compelled her to submit to laws, in the formation of which she had no voice, and He has taken from her all right in property, even to the wages she earns. The Declaration of Sentiments formed the basis of the goals of the womens rights movement that lasted throughout the rest of the century. Questions relating to the financial statements of Chicago Corporation follow. The bonds between British and American reformers can be traced throughout the many social improvement projects of the nineteenth century. \text{Income TaxesDeferred}&& 170,000\\ During this same period, debtors prisons began to disappear as reformers advocated reforming the poor rather than imprisoning them. Elizabeth Cady Stanton raised the issue of woman's suffrage for the first time, the principal author, modeled the Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments on the Declaration of Independence - the document added "women" to Jefferson's axiom "all men are created equal." \quad\text{Total Current Assets}& \$ 2,925,000 &\$ 2,400,000\\ Camp meetings were a new form of religious expression for the United States. Veseys plan called for teams of rebels to attack targets such as the arsenal and guardhouse. \text{Bonds Payable}& \$ 3,648,000 &\$ 3,600,000\\ The Grimk sisters, Sarah and Angelina, spoke out against the system of slavery in many forums. In the decades prior to the Civil War, reformers in the U.S. looked to Europe for models of social and political change. "In the history of the world," Ralph Waldo Emerson declared in 1841, "the doctrine of Reform had never such scope as at the present hour." Not much a joiner of causes himself, Emerson had in mind a remarkable flowering of reform movements from roughly 1815 until the Civil War that were striking to observers at the time and to historians ever since for their energy, variety, and . Frederick Douglass, an escaped slave, was a key leader of this society who often spoke at its meetings. What are the other consequences? Many types of reform movements existed during this period in the United States, and groups and causes only grew more splintered over time. Throughout New England, many Christians began to espouse Unitarianism, a sect based on the importance of human reason. While not all Americans were active in the various reform movements, taken together, the reform impulse was a powerful force that characterizes the antebellum era. Others worked to make basic education available to all or sought to improve conditions in prisons and asylums. Like many religious movements of the day, Mormons believed in the imminent Second Coming of Jesus. The most significant success was that by 1860, more than a dozen states had granted women greater control over the wages they earned, and some even allowed women to sue husbands and fathers who tried to deprive them of their wages. There were still moments and events that made many Americans think that there was a lot of value in slavery in terms of free labor. The antebellum period was marked by several major slave uprisings. Meanwhile, many doctors were citing large amounts of alcohol as injurious to an individuals health. The first, in which . At the same time, the Second Great Awaking stressed the notion of personal responsibility and the responsibility of a person to the sins of neighbors. For some, the issue initially boiled down to access to the slave population and the ability to bring the message to a wider audience. Today, the influence of the Restoration Movement is seen in the Church of Christ and the Disciples of Christ churches. Throughout the South, slaves attended camp meetings. Published in 1845, Fuller sought to apply to women the transcendentalist idea that freedom meant a quest for personal development. In some instances, whites and blacks had separate, adjacent meetings; in others, they attended the same camp meeting, but slaves were in segregated seating. \text{Employee Payroll Expense}&& 3,000,000\\ \text{Building}& 4,000,000 &4,000,000\\ The movements shared a common support base, and many abolitionists advocated, or were active in, the womens rights movement, or vice versa. White abolitionists warned him that people would cease to believe that he had ever been enslaved if he sounded too educated and advised him to leave the complex analysis to the whites. There have been many movements over time that has led America to where we are today. The creation of asylums, for criminals and for the mentally ill, was society's reaction to the overcrowded and inhumane state that . The Garrisionians wanted Douglass to simply get up and tell his story, to tell his narrative on the platform. In the early nineteenth century, a succession of religious revivals collectively known as the Second Great Awakening remade the nation's religious landscape. Evangelical churches became tightlyknit communities that sought to transform society first as a force that determined and enforced values, morality, and conduct, and second, by outreach through moral reform societies that concentrated on reforming personal vices such as drinking, sexual misconduct, and gambling. The Unitarian movement spread through many of the Congregationalist churches of the area. Each of these movements worked for freedom and emancipation and to grant a greater body of rights to two of the groups on the periphery of American society. \text{Accounts Payable}& \$ 550,000 &\$ 400,000\\ They believed that social deviants, including criminals and debtors, could be reformed and morally redeemed. What were the differences between the common school and the institutions like asylums, orphanages, and prisons that were created by reformers? However, the modern-day Seventh Day Adventist Church later grew out of the Millerite movement. Eventually, the American Anti-Slavery Society itself split into factions over social issues. The American Anti-Slavery Society (AASS) (1833-1870) was an abolitionist society founded by William Lloyd Garrison, and Arthur Tappan. \text{EXPENSES}\\ Mann and others charged public schools with teaching not only academic subjects, but also morality and discipline. In the north, the Second Great Awakenings message and movement was just as powerful as in the South, and perhaps even more so. The wealthy engaged private tutors and academies. \text{Total Current Liabilities}& \$ 2,430,000 &\$ 1,800,000\\ Two of the most significant reform movements to come out of the reform period of 1820-1840 were the anti-slavery movement and the womens rights movement. utopian communities (p. 434) Women formed a large part of the membership of the Society and the movement, and they were seen by many as the American voice of morality. The new evangelical denominations of the Second Great Awakening did not require the same kinds of rigorous education as older sects did; rather, it was far more important for a spiritual leader to experience a personal conversion and feel a call to spread the message. Significantly, Gabriel forbade the conspirators to kill Methodists and Quakers, groups that were actively seeking manumission for slaves in the area at this time. Antebellum culture in America reflected the growing sectional crisis, at times seeking to pave over sectional differences and at other times making light of them. In the early nineteenth century, the United States was becoming a more diverse nation; the new varieties of Protestantism were one reflection of this change. Because it was generally inclusive of everyone, the message was spread to men and women, to rich and poor, and among slaves and free blacks alike. Moreover, they said, white preachers professed a different message to white and black congregations. This is especially true of the Baptist church; independent black congregations were founded all over the South. \text{Merchandise Inventory}& 1,800,000& 1,500,000\\ Before the early 1800s, education for most Americans was very basic. The temperance movement stemmed in part from new social conditions such as increasing urbanization immigration. Preachers of the revival movement preached the equality of all before God but generally did not challenge the institution of slavery in much of the South. The majority of the members of the Society favored including women in the governing structure of the organization; the more conservative members broke away from the Anti-Slave Society to form the American and Foreign Anti-Slave Society, which excluded women. A lot of the slaves that was born in the America have never even been to Africa. \quad\text{Total Property, Plant, and Equipment}& \$10,000,000 &\$ 9,400,000\\ Gender The African Americans wanted equal rights and so the white Americans imposed that they would let them go back to Africa and have their freedom. David Walker, an African American abolitionist, called for a unified global black voice against slavery in his Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World. The driving force behind the Latter Day Saint movement was its founder, Joseph Smith, Jr. The most prominent of these education reformers was Horace Mann, head of the Massachusetts board of education, the first in the nation. Hudson River school of art: Americans painters also sought to achieve a sense of nationality in art. What were the major goals of antebellum reform? Religious reformers preached that individuals were responsible to seek out their own salvation and hoped to regenerate and perfect society through individual conversions. - people brought ideas from different countries, across the Atlantic, Give Me Liberty Ch. Walker stood as a vocal opponent of colonization, saying that the United States belonged more to African Americans than to whites, because the black population had earned the country with their blood and tears.. Over the next two days, the insurrectionists killed some sixty white men, women, and children. In western New York, revival movements inspired many new religious sects as well as social reform. \quad\text{Preferred Stock)}&& \$ 2.20\\ Reformers' definition of the free individual was the person who internalized the practice of self-control. These movements were generally more active in the Northern states. His many autobiographies, including Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, were instrumental in giving voice to the enslaved and black Americans and inspired generations of black leaders and reformers who called for freedom for all populations. Give Me Liberty! ) In the South, the movement became more conservative over time, and generally supported the system of slavery. In July 1848 they were finally able to call together a group together for the first national convention devoted to the issue of womens rights, the Seneca Falls Convention. Garrison was militant in his call for immediate and complete emancipation as a moral imperative. The movement began in the 1830s and revealed the growing consensus among northern free blacks on the importance of moral reform. The response to these conditions was the 1826 creation of the American Temperance Society in Boston, Massachusetts. Legal. The colonizationist wanted antislavery but the want to segregation between white and blacks. The temperance movement and organizations had more than a million supporters who enthusiastically held rallies and distributed pamphlets on the evils of demon rum. By the 1860s, their efforts had indeed slowed, but certainly did not stop, the average Americans consumption of alcohol. There, the convention refused to seat the American female delegates. \text{Net Income}&& \$ 4,400,000\\ \text{Hutchinson Company (25\\\% Owned)} &175,000 &100,000\\ Finally, asylums were established for treatment and housing the mentally ill. Dorothea Lynde Dix was instrumental in the reform effort that established state mental asylums. -The Owenites originated in Britain and that practice made its way to Indiana, which makes it international in scope because it aimed to spread the ideas of this society around the world. Although neither group saw their causes ultimate goals achieved during the era of reform, each movement saw great advances. The account spoke at length of Turners religiously informed views of slavery and of his interpretations of the Bible. \text{Basic Earnings per Common Share (Based on 1,600,000} \\ For the most part, it appealed to the elite of society. In asylums they receive temporary care and attention. Both were popularly-rooted movements that emphasized conversion and a spiritual rebirth through personal religious experiences. A decade later, Nat Turner used the message of the Second Great Awakening to help incite one of the largest slave rebellions in United States history. k. 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