'JD3m\+ci4h !m*^*Q=R.9|{He7EPir;j^gRRb+HAZW/hfcV+#2,OqeC?o;>'31 ?Ep{?#o+NaV%q,m%*jR7BF({cB(;K>zPK]}o. Progressives typically feel that if societal reforms can be enacted, the country will benefit and prosper. Party members were supposed to simply put the filled-out ballot in the ballot box; however, secret ballots slowly became the norm in order to give voters autonomy from their party affiliation. These reforms included the direct primary a preliminary election giving all members of a party the chance to take part in a nomination and that was intended to limit the influence of political machines in selecting candidates; initiative a process for putting a proposition or proposed law on a ballot (usually by getting a specified number of signatures on a petition), and referendum, the voting on an initiative, allowing the people to enact legislation that a state legislature is either unwilling or unable to do; and recall, a process giving voters the power to remove elected officials from office through petition and a vote. ]hGQ)h6NiYdto Zg I EyW"CTd?TOk-=D)v Simply put, Progressives advocate change or reform. Some of the most prominent unions were the American Federation of Labor, the Women's Trade Union League, and the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union. It recently engineered a new material for its wetsuits to better hold in the wearer's body heat. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Some of the urban reforms were, in fact, less democratic. The coal companies were encouraged to raise prices to offset the wage increase. by. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). December 27, 1900 Carry Nation wields a hatchet The prohibition movement gains a powerful symbolic leader when temperance crusader Carry Nation From Vice President to President: George H.W. Many labor unions, However, many people conflate all liberal reform as progressive reform. The Triangle Shirtwaist Company Fire: - Occurred on March 25, 1911 in New York City - The factory employed mostly young Jewish and Italian immigrant women who produced ladies' blouses - The doors to the stairwell were locked, leading to They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. They improved the lives of individuals and communities. The direct primary was created so voters could nominate candidates by vote in a primary election held before the general election. in History at the California State University in Long Beach. A notable recall election that gained national attention occurred in California in 2003. State legislatures were also increasingly concerned about the welfare of their citizens. History II Progressivism: Roosevelt and Taft Progressivism: Roosevelt and Taft On September 6, 1901, an anarchist shot President William McKinley, who died a few days later. WebThe three presidents of the Progressive EraRoosevelt, Taft, and Wilson held office between 1901 and 1921. Labor unions were a powerful opponent to the exploitation of workers, children in particular. This system of businesspeople leading government is referred to as a political machine. Events such as the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire catalyzed public and governmental support for worker health and safety standards. A referendum is a question that appears on a ballot that voters can answer in order to voice their opinion on a particular issue. With access to education, paid work, and more economic rights, many women had more freedom in their life and romantic choices. If a person believes an existing law to be bad, they may use the referendum process by circulating a petition asking that the law be submitted for popular vote. In a sequel to the antebellum reform movements and in a preview of the New Deal of the 1930s, Direct election of senators (more democracy), Prohibition of alcohol (repealed by 21st amendment in 1933), Womens suffrage/franchise (voting rights), Regulated the safety of food and prescription drugs, Strengthened the federal government's oversight of businesses to reduce trusts and monopolies (adds more enforcement to the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890), A political process through which voters can place a law on a ballot and vote it into existence, going around the state legislature, A political process through which voters can undo an act of a state legislature through enough votes, A political process through which voters can remove a disliked politician from office earlier than their term expiration date. Citizens might do this if they feel that the official is corrupt. Corrections? The workers themselves used strikes and protests to push for better pay and safer working conditions. Overall, the average person was living in poor living conditions and making very little money in factories that expected 12-14 hours of work a day, 6-7 days a week. The Progressive Era spanned the late 1800s to the 1920s. In the 21st century, progressives tend to be members of the far left in the Democratic party. Finally, as they present, the class is asked to categorize each reform as being political, social, or economic in nature, and we post them on the wall under one of the three categories (this assignment requires that students understand the different levels of government, as well as the definitions of political, social, and economic reforms). The legislation would require the hiring of inspectors to see that these standards were met. Let's review. The era was characterized by widespread public concern about issues such as child labor, worker exploitation, political corruption, and urban poverty. Perhaps the most notable politician of the Progressive Era was Robert La Follette of Wisconsin. A number of western states had already granted suffrage (enfranchisement, or voting privileges) Wyoming (1890), Colorado (1893), Utah (1896), and Washington (1910) and the Democratic Party platform in 1916 called on the remaining states to do the same. These organizations heavily influenced the way people voted, and even would provide filled-out ballots for voters. Government was made more responsive to the people through measures such as the initiative, referendum, and recall. Two important objectives of Progressivism were giving the public the opportunity to participate more directly in the political process and limiting the power of big city bosses. + It usually involves gathering enough signatures and then the initiativegoing on a ballot. The Industrial Revolution (1820-1870) had revolutionized production methods and manufacturing. 27 terms. This stopped many people from drinking, but those who continued to drink began to consume even more. Amidst decreasing public support, Prohibition was repealed by the 21st Amendment in 1933. Though there is some debate surrounding the exact dates, most historians identify the period from 1890 through the 1920s as the Progressive Era. The Progressive Era saw many important reforms, including legislation regulating working hours and conditions, Sex work and brothels were outlawed in nearly every state by 1915. Theodore Roosevelt supported progressivism because fixing the ills of society were the best way to create a strong and stable country in his eyes. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Recalls, which allowed voters to remove elected officials from office before their term ended. Progressive Movement Goals & Era | What was the Progressive Movement? Tarbell's book, which was eventually published in McClure's magazine, condemned the Standard Oil Company. Even so, societal attitudes broadly condemned women who deviated from the norm, including those who engaged in sexual activity outside of marriage. Mary Church Terrell and Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin were two prominent Black women Progressives who established the National Association of Colored Women (1896). Supported by Protestant churches, it pioneered singleissue politics and backed only dry candidates for elected office. Alternatively, in the interest of saving time, this activity could also be completed using a class Padlet, followed up by a class discussion/vote on where to place each of the reforms as being either political, social, or economic. Subjects: Hispanic Heritage Month, Social Studies - History Grades: 9th - 12th Types: PowerPoint Presentations Add to Exposs such as Lincoln Steffens' The Shame of the Cities (1904), an attack on municipal corruption, and Ida Tarbell's History of the Standard Oil Company (1904), which chronicled John D. Rockefeller's ruthless business practices, often first appeared in the new mass circulation magazines, such as McClure's and Cosmopolitan, and were later published as books. Laurel has taught social studies courses at the high school level and has a master's degree in history. WebThe Progressive Era was a time in United Sates History (roughly between 1890 and 1920) that bolstered unparalleled reform across America. Under city bosses, political machines were able to corrupt the city governments by bribing judges, providing contracts to businessmen in return for favors, and filling city jobs with political supporters, regardless of their qualifications. Referendum is the process in which a legislative body can submit a proposed local or state law to be voted on directly by the people. Ida Tarbell (1857-1944) was one of the Progressive Era's most impactful muckrakers. They had to fight for decades to come in order to receive the same legal protections and rights. 1. (31) $2.50. Describe the Progressives and the changes they sought and made in municipal governments, Identify Lincoln Steffens, David Graham Phillip, and Robert La Follette, Define initiative, referendum, and recall, Paraphrase the sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth amendments. Resources: Progressive Era Reforms. This holding company controlled the massive rail networks of the Northern Pacific, Great Northern and Chicago. 25 terms. Prohibition. The muckrakers' impact could be powerful, as in the case of Upton Sinclair's The Jungle (1906), a book whose vivid descriptions of working and sanitary conditions in Chicago's meatpacking plants led directly to federal laws regulating the industry. 65 terms. One of the most effective weapons in its campaign were photographs taken by Lewis Hine that showed boys and girls as young as eight years of age working with dangerous equipment in coal mines and factories. Her work influenced the passage of important antitrust legislation and led to the eventual dissolution of Rockefeller's monopoly. If it does not, then the referendum does not pass. If the incumbent (official currently in office) wins, he or she stays in office. Progressivism centered around the idea that government should proactively work for the benefit of society. Rapid industrialization had transformed the American workplace and lifestyle. The law made the production, sale, and transport of alcohol illegal. 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