Beth Krekel Carla McClain painted Lindsey Palmer 0000012347 00000 n of Rosenberg, Matt. By 1925, the conference's name was shortened to simply Southwest Conference. H\@{/g.&]U-1q'b>BH/|13 m? Conference", LP pennants Despite its neutrality, part of the Congo Basin became a personal kingdom for Belgium's King Leopold II. The information given is that claimed by the individual . Barbara Dell Composed primarily of schools from Texas, at various times the conference included schools from Oklahoma and Arkansas . 0000013674 00000 n Understand that Baylor is a private school and as such the president of the university is the publisher of the paper, Stone said. The new countries lacked rhyme or reason and divided coherent groups of people and merged together disparate groups who really did not get along. Stone also mentioned the professors who resigned. 0000015428 00000 n 1984, SWC Under his rule, over half of the region's population died. program Conference" History of the Southwest Conference (from Wikipedia) SWC Football site (thanks to Susan N. Freeman) Final SWC Football standings: 1914 to 1995 Football Records of the former Southwest Conference teams A Look Back at the Southwest Conference (Texas Almanac) Football Helmets of the Southwest Conference The SWC Video Collection at Texas about any kind of professional you can think of. Record: 54-50-0, .519 W-L% (5th of 14) (Schedule and Results), SRS: 8.23 (3rd of 14), SOS: 7.53 (3rd of 14), Ranked in Preseason AP Poll: 3(Arkansas, Houston and Texas) Arkansas's famed Triplets - Marvin Delph, Ron Brewer and Sidney Moncrief - gave the rest of the league fits. Soon afterward, SMU, TCU, and Rice accepted invitations to join the Western Athletic Conference, while Houston became a charter member of Conference USA. (1981) with Eric Dickerson and Craig James, SWC logo Following the conference, the give and take continued. In 1969, Texas won another national championship by beating #2-ranked Arkansas 1514 in the regular season's final game (dubbed the "Big Shootout"). Basketball Lisa Van Slyke The NCAA canceled SMU's 1987 season, and limited it to seven road games for 1988. 8 mascots 0000017736 00000 n "Geography: Realms, Regions, and Concepts." (After the SWC's demise, another major realignment took place in the mid-2000s, with an even more dramatic realignment in the early 2010s and a third one now ongoing.). Adalbert von Rler (1922)/Wikimedia Commons/Public Domain, The Berlin Conference was described by Harm J. de Bli in "Geography: Realms, Regions, and Concepts:", "The Berlin Conference was Africa's undoing in more ways than one. Salutes Most of the rest of the Division I-A football programs (what is now called the Division I Football Bowl Subdivision) chose to sell their rights together through an organization called the College Football Association to ABC and CBS. 0000057399 00000 n The Southwest Conference ( SWC) was an NCAA Division I college athletic conference in the United States that existed from 1914 to 1996. https://wonderclub.com/images/PBNSS/PBNSS198303.jpg. Bryant, Candy Loving, Victoria Cooke; others became doctors, lawyers or just When the lens cover comes off, the Southwest 0000016801 00000 n version luggage tag, pin, keychain - 1990's), Alternate In 1938, TCU won the AP national title. Note: Houston was invited to join the SWC in March 1971, and began play in all sports except football and basketball in 197273. 0000004709 00000 n of The primary function of the CFA was to negotiate television broadcast rights for its member conferences and independent colleges. Nancy Carrol The first organizational meeting of the conference was set for April 30, 1914; since not all schools involved could send representatives to attend that date, it was ultimately held on May 5 and 7 at the Oriental Hotel in Dallas, Texas. Learn more and register, College Basketball at Sports-Reference.com Blog and Articles. Tournament Join our linker program. Kathryn Sue Benson and Vanessa Buchanan The countries represented at the time included Austria-Hungary, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Sweden-Norway (unified from 1814 to 1905), Turkey, and the United States of America. Alisa Berne WELCOME Barton called it vindictive. Gould said the withdrawal of a scholarship fund was a significant contributor. Girls of the Ivy League 0000057472 00000 n 0000013078 00000 n Chan had already visited the University of Texas where he interviewed more than 350 women and Texas A&M when he confirmed his intent to come to Baylor. 0000007307 00000 n 0000058752 00000 n When I came we were already into the next things, Ferdon said. 0000004744 00000 n 0000009841 00000 n 0000046913 00000 n 0000011794 00000 n For instance: Texas had strong teams in 1981, 1983, 1990, and 1995. Phoenix, cities within the state of California, and more began to experience Southwest's low fares and Positively Outrageous Customer Service. Shannon Westbrooke Baylor was kicked out of a couple of collegiate press groups in the wake of the spring 1980 controversy. This look became more widely known and recognizable in the 1980s as Southwest spread its wings, leaving a lasting impression on the airline industry. Williams called McCalls and Goulds treatment of the editors childish and bullying.. - Pamela Kiser Kelly Fallon .add-to-cart-custom{padding: 9px 20px;font-size:10px;}*/ Kimberly Lasseter of France took much of western Africa, from Mauritania to Chad (French West Africa), as well as Gabon and the Republic of Congo (French Equatorial Africa). The SWC would be guided by seven commissioners, the first of whom, P. W. St. Clair, was appointed in 1938. Songs In March 1994, Texas, Texas A&M, Baylor, and Texas Tech accepted invitations to join with the members of the Big Eight Conference to form the Big 12 Conference. they were. Texas Whatever the motives or sincerity of the administrations reaction, Dr. McCalls recent statements will be perceived by much of the nation as small-minded and provincial., It was almost harsher. The Southwest Conference (SWC) was an NCAA Division I college athletic conference in the United States that existed from 1914 to 1996. Record: In January 1980, Playboy photographer David Chans planned trip to Baylor was generating a low rumble. by Suzanne Schneider Lisa Joy Steele (1996), "Celebrating the End Caprice Wolfer plus 1980 Southwest Conference Football. Nancy Amons All logos are the trademark & property of their owners and not Sports Reference LLC. 43 0 obj <> endobj 3.9x! ;bBzq@{?0T0D3;0w0 The 1969 ArkansasTexas game in Fayetteville, Arkansas, attended by President Richard Nixon, is usually counted among the greatest college football games ever played. from logo from Updates? He took especially strong exception with the editorial, which he felt was contrary to Baylors Christian commitment and encouraged students to disregard university policy and pose for Playboy. Football In 1884, at the request of Portugal, German chancellor Otto von Bismark called together the major western powers of the world to negotiate questions and end confusion over the control of Africa. Kathy Ball H, 0000195148 00000 n Some of these girls became Playmates of the month - Martha Thomsen, Pamela Jean Historically and legally freedom of the press has always been freedom of the publisher, McCall said. Bible was 72-19-9 in 11 years at A&M (1917, 1919-28) and returned to the SWC after eight years at Nebraska to coach Texas to a 63-31-3 record in 10 years, 1937-46. version Outstanding basketball coaches included Nolan Richardson, Tom Penders, Eddie Sutton, Abe Lemons, Guy V. Lewis, Shelby Metcalf, and Gerald Myers. (1969), SWC Mascots In January 1980, Playboy photographer David Chan's planned trip to Baylor was generating a low rumble. The Frisco Kid A Playboy spokesperson told the Baylor Lariat that Playboy would assist any student model with legal aid if they faced disciplinary action. Do you have a blog? Ranked in Final AP Poll: 2(Baylor and SMU), Every Sports Reference Social Media Account, Site Last Updated: Friday, March 3, 6:39AM. Anita Kirchner The full-page editorial revealed a staff exasperated by what they called wholesale censorship, and it refuted the idea that the Playboy coverage was an attempt to undermine the universitys values. Julie Lynch The preliminary photos were not taken in the nude, and if Ferdons secondhand information is correct, none of the Baylor women completely disrobed for the final portraits either. Rosenberg, Matt. Vicky Witt CAN'T FIND WHAT YOU'RE LOOKING FOR? (1977), LP guide (SWC helmets on cover), 1956 Donna Kennedy Texas Technological College (now Texas Tech University) joined the SWC in 1958, followed by the University of Houston for the 1976 season (Houston won the SWC football championship in its first season in the league). [5] Texas also won the 1970 United Press International (UPI) National Championship (i.e., the coaches' poll), which until 1974 was awarded prior to the bowl games. In a meeting, he told Lariat editors they could continue to cover any news stories, so long as they were the right kind of news stories. Between 50 and 100 students attended. Sandy Redman We were trying to rebuild the Lariats status.. Eissporthalle. Laurel Haniman SWC This is a listing of the conference facilities as of the 199596 school year, the conference's last. However, the series between Texas and Oklahoma would continue as a non-conference matchup in the annual Red River Rivalry game held in Dallas. Anastasia Pozdiniakova - Diving (2004-2009 . Sharon Cowan University Printing Press, SWC 8 @` 1B MM@cXsi vH ZX0am`Xu! 'L80bcAy70387|` xAivF6nS Renee DeBois Jodie Fisher Debra Williamson H, Ali Duerr McCall was probably the greatest president Baylor ever had because he took them from being a college to a university and put a vision forward, Ferdon said. Dr. Sara Stone, former chair of the journalism department, said The Lariat deals with restrictions that papers at public schools generally wont have to face. 0000195074 00000 n souvenir ribbon buttons from Suzanne Birket Patricia Maberry 0000000016 00000 n 256 pages of period adverts, pin ups and articles with lots of quality photographs and illustrations. Southwest Conference, The 1957, SWC MY 0000046389 00000 n On March 3, 1980, Baylors Board of Publications voted unanimously to fire the three editors. The SPORTS REFERENCE and STATHEAD trademarks are owned exclusively by Sports Reference LLC. 0000009016 00000 n On Feb. 29, 1980, now long removed from talk of the planned Playboy photoshoots which jumpstarted the whole debacle, Barton, Kolar and Slovak wrote one more editorial defending themselves and criticizing the universitys position. Arkansas By Feb. 1, 1980, Baylor President Abner McCall had said any student who posed nude for Playboy would face disciplinary consequences. graphics Time left 1d 12h left (Wed, 04:16 p.m.) +C $28.28 shipping estimate. For much of its eighty-two year histo-ry, the SWC gloried in its distinction as the most tight-ly-knit league among major college athletic programs. 0000002724 00000 n Karen Blessing Girls of the Southwest Conference Cheryl Carlson Dana McConnell Carla McClain Jodie Fisher Penny Baker Teresa Campsey Mitzi Gehrs Patricia Maberry Alisa Berne Beverly Banks Carla McClain Laura Squair Vanessa Buchanan Anne Brinkmann Dee Dockray Nesa Strong Cynthia Latson Cynthis Forney Judy Wardlaw Kelcey Swartz Penny Baker Brenda Kepner Penny Baker "The Berlin Conference to Divide Africa." Students organized a show of support outside of Pat Neff Hall on the morning of Feb. 27, 1980. Or write about sports? After a long period of stability, the conference's overall athletic prowess began to decline throughout the 1980s, due in part to numerous member schools violating NCAA recruiting rules, culminating in the suspension of the entire SMU football program ("death penalty") for the 1987 and 1988 seasons. Anne Helsley 30 years later: The 1980 Southwest Conference champion Baylor Bears By John Werner Aug 25, 2010 0 1 of 8 Walter Abercrombie set a school record with 1,187 yards rushing while scoring a team-high. doing a "Girls of" feature will cause uproars of various kinds. [11], When the Southeastern Conference (SEC) invited the University of Arkansas[2] and the University of South Carolina to join the conference in 1990,[12] it created shockwaves across the CFA. 43 67 We hope the (Feb. 27) protest is a sign that students are tired of the arrogant position taken by the administration.. The SWC had many legendary players and coaches over the years. West Holly Kelly Unfortunately, the players didn't get to meet Ritabut then, you wouldn't want to hug her in shoulder pads. Band The 1980s saw many of the conference's athletic programs hit by recruiting scandals and NCAA probations. Spain claimed the smallest territory, which was Equatorial Guinea (Rio Muni). Jesse Austin The Company Club, Southwests original widescale loyalty program, debuted in 1987. ", Countries Represented at the Berlin Conference. Magazines >> of an Its early years saw fluctuation in membership; Southwestern (a comparatively smaller school) dropped out of the conference in 1916, and Southern Methodist University (SMU) joined in 1918, while Texas Christian University (TCU) became a member in 1923. Oklahoma left in 1919 to join the Missouri Valley Intercollegiate Athletic Association (later known as the Big Eight Conference), and was followed by Oklahoma A&M in 1925. McCall fired back on Feb. 25, 1980, saying in a statement if any student editor or reporter sincerely feels that he or she cannot work within the policies herein set forth, he should resign from the Lariat staff. McCall also called the editors behavior deplorable and stated that Baylor was within its rights to have final say on what content was published. History of the Southwest Conference (from Wikipedia), SWC Williams, 3 books on SWC football stars Rice began its ascent to college baseball's elite in the conference's final years under coach Wayne Graham, reaching the CWS in 1997, the year after the conference disbanded. xb```g``[ B@1v',```Ih `e1paHOIKVF=[5GF6F@n'v*^4`aC3%cqyv3]T.NS4 Jazz In the 1980s, Southwest grew dramatically by expanding outside of Texas and launched service to several cities in the American Southwest and beyond. In 1980, Menefee took over as Baylor's Athletic Director. Question, Comment, Feedback, or Correction? Southwest 0000022928 00000 n As a result, individual schools and athletic conferences were freed to negotiate contracts on their own behalf. In protest, the local Society of Professional Journalists chapter canceled an event which would have brought prospective journalism students to Baylor. 8 0000022842 00000 n Collection Baylor was in the midst of a struggle between the fundamentalists and the [conservatives], Ferdon said. CLICK HERE!!! Eliana Lobo Find out more. W - Participated in College World Series. 0000195781 00000 n shirt In 1990, Arkansas announced its departure for the Southeastern Conference, marking the beginning of the end for the Southwest Conference. 0000031754 00000 n The Arkansas Razorbacks also fielded fine teams that advanced to the College World Series. 0000014330 00000 n 0000012736 00000 n The Southwest Conference ( SWC) was an NCAA Division I college athletic conference in the United States that existed from 1914 to 1996. Susan Johnson Texas lost the Cotton Bowl Classic following the 1970 season to Notre Dame by a score of 2411, giving the Associated Press (AP) Championship to Nebraska after they beat LSU by a score of 1712 in the Orange Bowl. program 1966, SMU Pony Express poster There were also national championships. clock The two glory periods of the conference were in the 1930s and 1960s. For most of its history, the core members of the conference were Texas-based schools plus one in Arkansas: Baylor University, Rice University, Southern Methodist University, Texas A&M University, Texas Christian University, Texas Tech University, the University of Arkansas and the University of Texas at Austin. In the early 1990s, the Razorbacks' Lee Mayberry, Todd Day, and Oliver Miller won three straight SWC regular season and tournament titles from 1989 to 1991, the school's last three seasons in the conference. Suzanne DeClue individual 0000003825 00000 n Life was simpler then; people knew who they were. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. What ultimately resulted was a hodgepodge of geometric boundaries that divided Africa into 50 irregular countries. of Julie Carlson It is as inevitable as the dawn: news of PLAYBOY *As stated in the 1989 Southwest Annual Report. Number in parentheses indicates AP rank at time of bowl game. from Record: 135-122, .525 W-L% (17th of 29)(Records do not reflect forfeits and vacated games), NCAA Tournament: 2 teams (Arkansas and Houston), Ranked in Preseason AP Poll: 2 teams (Arkansas and Texas A&M), Ranked in Final AP Poll: 1 teams (Arkansas), Every Sports Reference Social Media Account, Site Last Updated: Friday, March 3, 6:02AM. beginning with Berkeley's Heather Campbell on the previous page and the triple The 92 Big 12 Conference titles is 63 more than the 29 titles Baylor earned in 81 years of Southwest Conference membership. Watch our How-To Videos to Become a Stathead, Subscribe to Stathead and get access to more data than you can imagine. Known for razzle-dazzle passing offenses in gridiron football in the 1930s, the Southwest Conference first gained national respect in 1935, when SMU and TCU played for the national championship on the final day of the regular season. * - Conference Tournament Champion. Judy Wardlaw Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The Aggies reached the College World Series in 1993. Beverly Banks }, PLAYBOY'S COLLEGE GIRLS Southwest Conference, 1925-1991 File:1995 Bayou Bucket Classic game ball.jpg The game ball from the 1995 Bayou Bucket Classic, the last football game in Southwest Conference history The 1980s saw many of the conference's athletic programs hit by recruiting scandals and NCAA probations. Jeni Powell <<2B403030707BEE4A8B4E65DBC9181572>]>> At the time of the conference, only the coastal areas of Africa were colonized by the European powers. [10], The SEC represented one of the more valuable assets in the CFA. Band Cross-Stitch Arkansas left the conference in 1991. Copyright 2000-2023 Sports Reference LLC. The last SWC football champion to win a bowl game was Texas A&M, who beat Notre Dame in the 1988 Cotton Bowl Classic by a score of 3510. Perfect Women, Date Added: August 30, 2011, Added By: Ross, Date Last Edited: January 17, 2022, Edited By: Ross. (Sammy Baugh, John David Crow, Doak Walker) published by Fort Worth Southwest Conference, former American collegiate athletic organization founded in 1914 with eight members: the University of Arkansas, Baylor University, the University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma Agriculture and Mining College (now Oklahoma State University), William Marsh Rice Institute (now Rice University), Southwestern University, the University of Texas (Austin), and the Texas Agricultural and Mechanical College (now Texas A&M University). Claudia Grassi The 2 teams had played in one of the first games labeled "game of the century" on November 30 of that year. Portrait Our reasoning for presenting offensive logos. (includes Barton appealed to Student Congress, asking the body to make the administration reconsider the decision. Portugal took Mozambique in the east and Angola in the west. 0000006461 00000 n Train Kept a Rollin', Nobody's Fault But Mine, (Out On the Tiles intro) Black Dog, In The Evening, Rain Song, Hot Dog, All My Love, Trampled Underfoot, Since I've Been Loving You, White Summer ~ Black Mountainside, Kashmir, Stairway to Heaven, Rock and Roll, Whole Lotta Love. (1996), "Remembering Some notable SWC players included Davey O'Brien, Sammy Baugh, Bobby Layne, Doak Walker, Tom Landry, Bob Lilly, Don Meredith, Earl Campbell, Andre Ware, Mike Singletary, John David Crow, Lance Alworth, Dan Hampton, Steve Atwater, Joe Ferguson, and Eric Dickerson. Conference", Brief Candy Loving glasses, Set Cara Anderson However, the most consistent program during the last quarter of the 20th century was the University of Arkansas with Sweet 16 appearances in 1978, 1979, 1981, 1983, 1990, 1991, Elite 8 appearances in 1978, 1979, 1990, and 1991, and Final Four appearances in 1978 and 1990. DALLAS -- The Southwest Conference track and field meet, featuring the strongest contingent in league history, opens today with six schools expected to battle for the team title. Karla Potts 0000004598 00000 n [10], In February 1994, the Southeastern Conference announced that they would be leaving the CFA and negotiate independently for a television deal that covered SEC schools only. .right-part-two p .fa_shopping_cart{font-size: 25px !important;} Mary Schnack Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for DR PEPPER 32 oz Bottle * Baylor University * 1980 Southwest Conference Champions at the best online prices at eBay! The colonial powers superimposed their domains on the African continent. of Record: But that was one instance where I think he got caught in internal politics as much as anything.. Pamela Jean Bryant 0000192778 00000 n It's public . } (1968), SWC Football National Champion Texas Aggies Tapestry, 1956 SWC Champion Texas 0000044412 00000 n The trio of kicking contemporaries Steve Little of Arkansas, Tony Franklin of Texas A&M, and Russell Erxleben of Texas all kicked record setting field goals of 60 + yards in the same season. TO Arkansas earned national recognition in 1988 and 1989, and Texas A&M was competitive from 1985 to 1995. Over the course of its 82-year history, teams of the Southwest Conference garnered 64 recognized national championships in collegiate sports. Back at the Southwest Conference (Texas Almanac), Football Helmets Dee Dockray graphics), 1-7-Baylor-The-Mighty-Bears-of-Baylor.mp3, 2-5-University-of-Texas-The-Eyes-of-Texas.mp3, 2-6-Texas-A&M-The-Spirit-of-Aggieland.mp3, 18-Texas-Tech-Fight-Song-and-Alma-Mater.mp3. Salutes Our reasoning for presenting offensive logos. Joan Villarosa Another professor, Dr. Dennis Hale, resigned after Williams sacking, saying he opposed the whole series of events.. 0000001636 00000 n Penny Baker They censor their students, they censor their publications, the First Amendment doesnt exist there, Stone said. Baylor's Michael Johnson, Texas A&M's Randy Matson, Rice's Fred Hansen, Houston's Carl Lewis, and Arkansas' Mike Conley all went on to win Olympic gold medals. - - Use of the Southwest websites and our Company Information constitutes acceptance of our Terms and Conditions. FOR Gigi Stirnkorb Vicki Sponhauer Germany took Namibia (German Southwest Africa) and Tanzania (German East Africa). M.A., Geography, California State University - Northridge, B.A., Geography, University of California - Davis, Great Britain desired a Cape-to-Cairo collection of colonies and almost succeeded through their control of. Beth Funner covered major campuses across the country. 0000015344 00000 n 1980-81 Men's Southwest Conference Season Summary 1979-80 SWC 1981-82 SWC Record: 135-122, .525 W-L% (17th of 29) (Records do not reflect forfeits and vacated games) SRS: 3.20 (9th of 29) SOS: 3.26 (8th of 29) More Conference Info Men's Southwest Conference Index Season Summary Schedule & Results Stats On this page: NCAA Tournament However, by the end of their respective seasons, none of these football teams were able to remain in the national championship hunt. The Baylor Line magazine reported roughly 200 students gathered to protest. After SMU's second-place finish in most polls in 1982, SWC programs usually were not serious contenders for the national title. Linda Kay Dollmeyer However, in the 1990s, the game declined in importance, largely because of the decline of SWC prominence. frosted SMU This new map of the continent was superimposed over 1,000 indigenous cultures and regions of Africa. Note: Information on Southwest Conference honors, including All-Conference teams, is not yet available for this year. It also was identified with the state of Texas and its rabid football culture. Executive Art Director Tom Staebler designed and photographed the cover on the same day that our 1980 All-America team posed for the pictures you'll see on pages 164 and 165. The Arkansas Razorbacks were dominant in track and field winning 15 SWC cross country team titles, 11 SWC indoor track team titles, 9 SWC outdoor track team titles, and an incredible 8 SWC triple crowns (cross country, indoor track and outdoor track champions all in the same season). Tournament Having previously completed features on Girls of the Pac 10 and Girls of the Ivy League, Chan set his sights on the Southwest Conference, which included Baylor at the time. 0000023451 00000 n Jump to: navigation, search. Nesa Strong The list of Arkansas individual SWC champions and individual NCAA champions is long. Tamara Follett Southwests focus on the Customer ramped up into the 1980s as the Company rolled out new products. Thus, the dissolution of the conference in 1996, following a series of probations meted out to member institutions by the National Collegiate Athletic Association and because of the demands of the television industry for a larger regional audience, marked the end of a distinctive and colourful institution in the world of college football. Candy Howell Girls of the Southwest Conference U Heather Campbell Brenda Kepner from United States Carol Darsey Italy's holdings were Somalia (Italian Somaliland) and a portion of Ethiopia. emphasis on Texas Tech): 1939 For other conferences, based on stats availability. The initial task of the conference was to agree that the Congo River and Niger River mouths and basins would be considered neutral and open to trade. %%EOF the 1990 basketball The championships listed below are limited to those that were won while the teams were in the conference. The Big Ten and Pacific-10 conferences sold their rights to CBS and ABC. Kai Lynne Charlotte Bauer S - Participated in Super-Regionals. 0000018927 00000 n 0000194346 00000 n Southwest Most places like Waco and Huntsville, two places where Ive taught, they became wet [loosened restrictions on alcohol] around 1974 and I think that had something to do with it, the loosening of standards after the 1960s, Ferdon said. UT Houston's 1976 Southwest Conference football championship trophy Texas (27 titles, 19 outright): 1916, 1918, 1920, 1928, 1930, 1942, 1943, 1945, 1950, 1952, 1953*, 1959*, 1961*, 1962, 1963, 1968*, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975*, 1977, 1983, 1990, 1994*, 1995 .right-part-two{display: inline-block;margin-top: 2%;} SWC We present them here for purely educational purposes. Angela Ray 0000022121 00000 n Id prefer some of these students here that dont agree with the policy to go elsewhere., These comments further inflamed tensions. By the time independence returned to Africa in 1950, the realm had acquired a legacy of political fragmentation that could neither be eliminated nor made to operate satisfactorily.". UT Brenda Kepner Southwest Conference, former American collegiate athletic organization founded in 1914 with eight members: the University of Arkansas, Baylor University, the University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma Agriculture and Mining College (now Oklahoma State University), William Marsh Rice Institute (now Rice University), Southwestern University, the University of Texas (Austin), and the Texas Agricultural and .
