We heard a heartbeat on the 17th, and everything looks great! Guaranteed. Some researchers have theorized that having low progesterone prior to having a miscarriage may have played a role in causing that miscarriage, but it is a controversial topic with much debate around the issue. Hi all!On Friday last week my husband and I found out we are pregnant again!This is my third pregnancy this year with no living children so im absolutely terrified! Not to freak you out but I recommend you go to a local urgent care immediately. Finding women who were happy to discuss in minute detail how diluted your urine should be when taking a test was a relief - there were people as obsessed as I was and they made me feel less . Our. I asked the nurse if there was anything we could do that cycle to help and she said no, but I called a couple days later when I got my BFP and the dr. put me on 200 mg of progesterone and had me take it before bed every night for through 10 weeks and we had no other issues with my pro levels from then on. When did your doctor say you were "out of the woods"? Good luck! BFP 6/23/09 EDD 3/8/10! Can l still fall pregnant and carry to full . low . What to Expect supports Group Black and its mission to increase greater diversity in media voices and media ownership. During ovulation levels start to rise and can get up to 12 ng/mL. During pregnancy, spotting and abdominal pain may be symptoms of low progesterone. My levels came back at 15.2 today which is concerning! Taking synthetic hormones may be supported with natural options to increase the effectiveness of your efforts and support your progesterone levels. I just feel so defeated. They constantly change during the menstrual cycle and particularly during pregnancy. Miscarriage Risks. Cautiously Expecting After Pregnancy Loss Low Progesterone Success Stories. Anyone out there have success with this? All What to Expect content that addresses health or safety is medically reviewed by a team of vetted health professionals. We had a miscarriage last year so I am extremely worried. Was it light or dark? 1/13 HCG 464 Mine was super low and I started on 200mg of progesterone right away. The process involves monitoring and stimulating a female's ovulatory process, removing an ovum or ova (egg or eggs) from their ovaries and letting sperm fertilise them in a culture medium in a laboratory. Two days later it was 8. The name itself literally means pro gestation so its no wonder that the effects of low progesterone levels in early pregnancy is a hotly debated topic. Progesterone started after a BFP has been shown to have no effect on pregnancy outcomes. off topicDoes not fit the context of where it was posted. Even on 400mg/daily, mine is only 21. Frequent miscarriages. Some experts believe that progesterone deficiency is a real issue, and an equal number of experts say that low progesterone doesnt have any impact at all on pregnancy. Headaches or migraines. Group Leaders arent expected to spend any additional time in the community, and are not held to a set schedule. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. My husband and I lost our first baby, a baby boy at 19.4 weeks to a severe form of skeletal . It also helps your lungs work harder to give oxygen to your growing baby. I was just wondering if any of you had low progesterone in the beginning of your pregnancy and everything turned out just fine? I am now 29 weeks! 2005-2023Everyday Health, Inc., a Ziff Davis company. I finally got pregnant in December, only to have a miscarriage. Now I'm strictly on PIO shots since then she hasn't checked my levels because the baby has been progressing great. When I went in at 5 weeks and 1 day, we only saw a gestational sac (which isn't uncommon), but my progesterone was only 4.8. I just had my beta today at 9 days past a 5 day embryo transfer for IVF#3 (so 14dpo) and it was only 21. If progesterone levels are too low, you are at a greater risk of miscarriage or pre-term delivery. This study sought to investigate pregnancy outcomes of patients with low serum -hCG levels 14 days after blastocyst transfer. Is there still hope? I really wish they would stop putting so much emphasis on HCG and progesterone levels in early pregnancy. I had two miscarriages caused by low progesterone. #progesterone #pio #10dp5dt #fet #earlypregnancy #lowprogesterone #positivepregnancytest #babyonboard #ttcjourney #ivfjourney #rainbowbaby #ttccommunity #ivf #fertilityjourney #pregnant #pregnancyjourney". Copyright 2008 - 2023 All rights reserved Countdown Family Inc. I was on the suppositories 2x's a day at 100mg. I'm taking progesterone again this time. In later pregnancy, progesterone helps your breasts get ready to make breast milk. During the third trimester, levels can range from 58-214 ng/mL as it helps to support the development of the fetus and maintain the pregnancy. How Does Low Progesterone Affect Pregnancy? Progesterone levels change throughout the course of the menstrual cycle and levels naturally decline with age. Some women just naturally have low progesterone. Yesterday, at 5w, I got my blood taken. Record your signs and symptoms. They finally figured out that she has low progesterone. Progesterone levels are usually higher when you are pregnant, but even in a non-pregnant patient, they can reach 20 ng/ml. There is a wide range of what is considered normal, and you may not even know you have low progesterone if it is not manifesting in symptoms such as irregular periods or spotting. Just makes me nervous especially since I've had a loss before,, Thanks so much! Hi there, sorry to hear about your stress at the moment! Wear your masks, wash your hands, and be excellent to each other. I took progesterone (200mg orally for 16 weeks, then shots from 20 weeks to 37 weeks) and had a healthy pregnancy and birth I didn't take it my fiest pregnancy and delivered at 30.5 weeks. Sufficient progesterone levels are essential to a successful pregnancy. Posted 1/21/23. Besides going on the progesterone early on, I had no other issues this pregnancy and I now have an almost three month old. According to my LMP which was Christmas Day, I am 4 weeks today. Most will not even prescribe it because they believe if your going to mc then you will no matter what, that it won't stop it. I'm hoping for success stories! Within that time, 28% of the women in the letrozole study gave birth. Hello, I hope to join the "Pregnant After A Loss" Board very soon if we can have some success. The educational health content on What To Expect is reviewed by our medical review board and team of experts to be up-to-date and in line with the latest evidence-based medical information and accepted health guidelines, including the medically reviewed What to Expect books by Heidi Murkoff. And you need to advocate for that progesterone, as a level 4 is extremely low. He is healthy today. When I went in at 5 weeks and 1 day, we only saw a gestational sac (which isn't uncommon), but my progesterone was only 4.8. I was also put on 200 mg 2 x daily and I opted to insert vaginally after learning absorbtion was much better that way. It also happens play an essential role for both before and during a pregnancy. Other symptoms of low progesterone include no menstrual period at all, headaches or migraines, mood changes, and frequent miscarriages. Progesterone is essential for the maintenance of a healthy pregnancy. Your doctor will keep an eye on your progesterone levels to determine the risk for ectopic pregnancy or miscarriage. Ive seen patients use Progesterone 400mg suppositories twice a day or even 17-A- Hydroxyprogest shots. Hottest Topics -- Last 30 Days A more recent study found however, that progesterone supplements did not result in improved pregnancy outcomes in women with recurrent miscarriages. We disclaim all responsibility for the professional qualifications and licensing of, and services provided by, any physician or other health providers posting on or otherwise referred to on this Site and/or any Third Party Site. By using this Site you agree to the following, By using this Site you agree to the following, The Best IOL for 2022 RXSight Light Adjusted Lens, Will refractive surgery such as LASIK keep me out of glasses all my life. my re has me on 600mg a day!!! The main reproductive hormones estrogen, testosterone, and progesterone are instrumental in sexuality and fertility. If your doctor still feels that low progesterone may be contributing to your miscarriages, she may decide to try supplemental progesterone. A number of complications can occur when progesterone levels are too low including irregular menstrual cycles, difficulties conceiving, and high-risk pregnancies. Whats more, some types of progesterone cream do not create a significant increase in progesterone levels, so even if progesterone were beneficial during pregnancy, a cream wouldnt be the right source anyway. That is about three cycles. You've made the decision and you are actively trying to conceive. Hey hun, sorry youre going through this - its not nice my HCG was 17 at 3w6d and then 15 at 4w1d. maambone - have you asked your doctor about the progesterone? 4 weeks LMP: 5 - 426 mIU/mL. Progesterone supplementation in these situations has been shown to effectively reduce the risk of preterm birth. 2023 Mira, Powered by Quanovate | All Rights Reserved. I am now pregnant (26 weeks). Group Black's collective includes Essence, The Shade Room and Naturally Curly. My hcg is rising well. I have been on progesterone with all five of those pregnancies. Pregnancy, I went into my local urgent care and they were very understanding and wrote me a prescription that afternoon. That means women undergoing an IVF pregnancy will have induced low progesterone and therefore will need supplementary progesterone to make up the shortfall. Low progesterone. Low levels of progesterone cause symptoms like irregular periods, mood changes and trouble conceiving. shellfish. There is so much variation in early pregnancy and there really is no perfect formula to tell whether a pregnancy will be viable or not. Anyone have previous pregnancies where their progesterone levels were this low and they ended up with a healthy pregnancy upon supplementing? There is some debate about the clinical significance of low progesterone and often the symptoms seen are a by-product of other underlying hormonal issues, rather than true infertility. offensive or abusiveA reasonable person would find this content inappropriate. Bumping this (hoping no one minds) to get more answers. son is fine, although had heavy, heavy bleeding in the early going. Yes, my progesterone level dropped to around 8 early in this pregnancy. I am currently pregnant 6weeks and 4 days. I have 2! 17ng/ml to 147ng/ml. Low progesterone can mean different things to different people based on your risk factors and health history. She said I need to start taking injections immediately . I personally believe in the medication a lot! With this pregnancy I started at a very low 4.5!! Can you share your progress? I also work in a prenatal doctors office and we have 12 doctors.. some doctors truly believe that progesterone helps maintain a pregnancy but majority of the doctors in my office do not and they think if you take it then your only taking it to calm yourself down. A Group Owner is a member that has initiated the creation of a group to connect with other members to share their journey through the same pregnancy & baby stages. I took it with my 2 year old son. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. Low hCG levels can sometimes indicate that you have had or will have a miscarriage. Avoid overexercising. After I got the results she had me on them 4x's a day. Thanks, sunshinemomma32. I was to see the doctor for my first appointment at 8 weeks. If progesterone levels are too low, you are at a greater risk of . 3 weeks LMP: 5 - 50 mIU/mL. Progesterone levels vary from person to person and what is considered normal can depend on a number of factors. I was started on pills and delivered a healthy and beautiful baby girl in 2010. . Will your FS give you progesterone and monitor? I am having low levels again. 20052023 BabyCenter, LLC, a Ziff Davis company. When my wife first went in to her doctor (having 2 previous miscarriages - 1 ectopic) it was pretty early on and they closely monitor her. Low progesterone is actually quite uncommon during pregnancy, and unless your doctor is concerned, its unlikely youll even be tested for progesterone levels past the first trimester. I had an ultrasound last Wednesday, and there was a baby with a hr of 80. That means women undergoing an IVF pregnancy will have induced low progesterone and therefore will need supplementary progesterone to make up the shortfall. The cream really works I used it 3 times a day and my baby stuck until I was put on the pill. I know this is a long time ago. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. I am now taking pills for it. Never disregard the medical advice of your physician or health professional, or delay in seeking such advice, because of something you read on this Site. Third Trimester. If b), and you're actually pregnant, your levels can drop briefly . If you don't have a history of preterm birth and your doctor notes thatyour cervix has shortened below 2 centimeters when you're 16 to 24 weeks pregnant (which may increase the odds of a preterm birth), your practitioner may prescribe a daily progesterone gel it comes in a tampon-like applicator that you place in your vagina or vaginal progesterone suppositories until 37 weeks of pregnancy. Thanks again to everyone for sharing their storeis. I started supps with this pregnancy. Seventy-one per cent of people who lose a pregnancy aren't given a reason, according to a 2019 survey by the baby charity Tommy's. You are told - repeatedly - that it's "just bad luck . dawgs727. In the first half of your cycle, the follicular phase, progesterone does not play an active role in the menstrual cycle, and levels tend to remain low. If you feel a message or content violates these standards and would like to request its removal please submit the following information and our moderating team will respond shortly. I am 3w6d and my progesterone was tested yesterday and it is only 4.18 but my hcg is up 1600. Because it's kind of a big deal and this is why: Progesterone, also referred to as " the pregnancy hormone ," is a common female hormone found naturally in a woman's body. Mine was 9.2 or 9.6 at 4 wks (can't remember which) started 200 mg oral prog at night, at 6 wks I started bleeding one night (red with clots) and thought I was miscarrying so I didn't take that pill, went to the doc the next morning and he was still there with a little heartbeat! Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. This study aims to analyze the cycle characteristics, pregnancy, and neonatal outcomes in early rescue intracytoplasmic sperm injection (r-ICSI) cycles in normal and hyper-ovarian response women in their first IVF/ICSI attempts. Maybe I can have a little hope after all! They usually want it in the teens at the lowest. Progesterone is routinely given when undergoing fertility treatments such as IVF or IUI. I started taking progesterone pills vaginally, 100mg twice per day. In fact, experts believe that low progesterone levels may contribute to recurrent miscarriages in some women. Anyone heard of that? Appointments & Locations. Anti-choice activists, intactivists, anti-vaxxers, homophobes, transphobes, racists, sexists, etc. A miscarriage or termination of the pregnancy is the end result. I'm grasping at straws today, trying to stay positive before my follow-up ultrasound tomorrow. My girlfriend took gynaecosid and ampiclox bcham weeks ago after we foun Hello dear Get pregnant. Common symptoms include: Hot flashes. All rights reserved. My doc prescribed sepositories that I just started today. spam or advertisingExists only to promote a product or service. I won't be able to get in for US until around 8 weeks. It just causes so much grief and anxiety and in my experience is never reassuring.I just got to the point were I refused to get any blood testing of my levels done. Yes! Thanks so much for these stories! Any advice and success stories. Hearing from others going through the same things as you can be a big stress relief, especially when theres little you can do in the moment to affect your hormone levels. It took 3 months, but I'm pg again (only 6w1d) and am very nervous about another m/c. Oct 2008 m/c #1 5 weeks, May 2009 m/c #2 4w5d. My mom had 6 mc until she had to be put on progesterone spots. Thank you so much for all of your responses!! Night sweats and/or cold flashes. Learn all the basics about female fertility, everything a woman should know before or while trying to get pregnant. the first started at 10 despite being on 200 mg/day before i even got my BFP, then dropped to 8. they had to put me on 600 mg/day. In the case of an IVF pregnancy, progesterone taken as an intramuscular injection or via the vagina as a gel or suppository will likely be prescribed to support the developing . My second test came back 8.3. Low progesterone symptoms. So the key to increasing your progesterone production is to promote healthy ovulation - and support progesterone levels during the luteal phase. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". I got my BFP last week, HCG numbers look great, but my progesterone came back at a 9.9. If you'd like to join a private sub for your due date month, click here. Heres the range: A level that falls significantly below normal (below 5 ng/ml in the first few weeks of pregnancy, for instance) is considered low progesterone, but luckily, most women have normal levels of progesterone, and low progesterone during pregnancy is quite uncommon. This can help result in a successful pregnancy. our editorial and medical review policies, hormones needed to sustain a healthy pregnancy, pregnancy hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Search I think the low progesterone is easily dealt with using suppositories as long as you start on it early. Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology. Keep your chin up. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Again, only tested hcg, not progesterone. Yes it was on the lower side and I also had gone through my fertility center to get pregnant. Outside of the reproductive system, progesterone levels can also be influenced by cholesterol levels, and thyroid, pituitary, and adrenal gland issues. Second trimester pregnancy: 25.6 to 89.4 ng/mL. Recent Topics Unexplained fertility means that you have a good egg count, a healthy uterus, open fallopian tubes, and a . Record your signs and symptoms to discover patterns and help determine your probability of pregnancy! I did.. it saved my pregnancy. When estrogen levels are too high or too low, or progesterone levels are too high, your chance for success drops. Exists only to promote a product or service. It is primarily produced by the corpus luteum, a temporary gland formed in the ovaries after ovulation, during this part of your cycle, known as the luteal phase. Having low progesterone can cause a number of health complications including troubles getting and staying pregnant, headaches, hot flashes, night sweats, and vaginal dryness. I'm only 5 weeks prego and my hcg was 989 and progesterone only 9.1 so they have increased me to 200 mg 3 x day orally and 3 x day vaginally. I had progesterone suppositories for the first trimester with both children, my test results were always between 4 and 7 before starting the supplements. This educational content is not medical or diagnostic advice. I took Progesterone until week 12 and everything was fine! Community forums can be a source of information and comfort, especially when you have questions. Right here..I have lost three babies and have three, two are because of progesterone. But the triage nurse said they don't make a habit of testing progesterone again once they put you on it. GL!! I had a miscarriage in 2007 at seven weeks 3 days. Progesterone works to mature the uterine lining, readying the uterus for a potential pregnancy. Use of this site is subject to our terms of use and privacy policy. Mood changes. Written by: Dr. Amy Beckley, PhD, Founder and Inventor of the Proov test the first and only FDA-cleared test to confirm successful ovulation at home. Vaginal dryness. I go back tomorrow morning for another check. We believe you should always know the source of the information you're reading. She made many lifestyle changes as she went through her issues but held out hope for success with progesterone supplements and it paid off. You really need a new doctor. Progesterone keeps the uterine lining healthy and thick, ensuring the right environment for the developing fetus. Yes, I was low with my first pregnancy (perfectly healthy 2.5 year old little boy) and my current pregnancy 7-months along. woman who experienced multiple miscarriages. It's our first pregnancy after a loss at 6w. Appointments 216.444.6601. I am so glad everything worked out wonderfully for all of you. Progesterone rises only after a successful ovulation. Another byproduct of the increase in maturing eggs: more progesterone production, which builds a strong uterine lining for that fertilized egg to burrow into. Because the release of progesterone is triggered by ovulation, low progesterone is commonly a result of no ovulation or poor ovulation. 1ML a week but definitely works! If, on the other hand, you over-responded to the . These are my levels for my cycles: Ivf #1- progesterone 21 (upped meds to 1 1/2 ccs of progesterone) = bfp. Only take a progesterone suppository if your doctor has recommended it for you. There may be no side effects or there may be a number of side effects. Get the numbers! We started progesterone 200mg immediately the next day. My OB sent me in a script for progesterone suppositories yesterday and I started them. I took progesterone suppositories for the 1st trimester. Unfortunately, in most early pregnancies, progesterone levels will be between these two values. I am on the vaginal suppository 200mg daily. A few years later I got pregnant again and saw the doc at 6 weeks (due to previous MC) and was determined to have low progesterone. They told me that the suppositories don't show up in the blood though so that my prog level may still be low. Keep in mind that reasons other than low progesterone may cause many of these symptoms. Again, its very unclear. RE started me on 200mg Progesterone suppositories right away (14dpo), but he said we aren't out of the woods yet. There are usually reasons for it being so low. Although the main site is no longer being updated, the authors transferred an archive of success stories written by people with low progesterone levels in early pregnancy. chickpeas. A week later my progesterone level was 17. Severe abdominal, back, and pelvic pain, as well as nausea, dizziness, and spotting are symptoms. Both the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) and the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine say that all expecting women with previous preterm births should discuss with their doctors if progesterone supplementation is right for them. Low progesterone symptoms may include: Irregular or no menstrual periods. Went from 49 to 200 in 48 hrs, and then a week later up to 5200. Be awareDO NOT RUN OUT. Data from short-term in vitro fertilization (IVF, N = 7148), early r-ICSI (N = 618), and ICSI (N = 1744) cycles were retrospectively analyzed from normal and hyper . What to Expect follows strict reporting guidelines and uses only credible sources, such as peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions and highly respected health organizations. Most experts agree that low progesterone (or aluteal phase deficiency when the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle is too short and therefore progesterone levels remain too low) has little clinical significance, and that itdoesnt contribute toinfertility. What does it mean if you have low progesterone levels? Progesterone levels fluctuate throughout the cycle and reach high levels during pregnancy. Conversely, a progesterone >23 ng/ml is almost always viable and in the uterus (not ectopic, or tubal). In non-pregnant people, low progesterone levels may be a result of hypothyroidism, heightened levels of cortisol, and body weight that is either too high or too low. Do you remember what your "low progesterone" level was at 7dpo? The educational health content on What To Expect is reviewed by our medical review board and team of experts to be up-to-date and in line with the latest evidence-based medical information and accepted health guidelines, including the medically reviewed What to Expect books by Heidi Murkoff. Does low progesterone increase your chance of having a miscarriage? Press J to jump to the feed. While its true thatwomen who have experienced a miscarriage tend to have lower levels of progesterone, its uncertain if the low progesterone level caused the miscarriage or if the miscarriage caused the low progesterone level. Back to home page. I have 2 healthy children after extremely low progesterone. Should you use OTC progesterone suppositories or progesterone cream for low progesterone levels? Most recurrent pregnancy loss specialists recognize the fact that progesterone given after a positive pregnancy test is too late to impact the lining and any hormonal issues associated with it. I just moved from the 2nd Trimester board (baby was due in December prior to his passing) to unfortunately, the Pregnancy Loss Board for now. i took supplements until I was 12 weeks with both pregnancy. We took 3 months off, then started trying again. Abdominal pain and vaginal spotting can be signs that there is not enough progesterone to keep the endometrial lining from shedding.. As the previous references have already mentioned, low progesterone levels can signal for the . Some studies have shown that getting weekly shots of progesterone starting at around 16 to 20 weeks of pregnancy and continuing through week 36 reduces the risk of preterm birth, although a more recent study did not show any benefits. I had one miscarriage where I don't think they even checked (don't get me started on that) and then the next pregnancy with a different OB my progesterone level was under 10. Because progesterone is crucial for pregnancy, low progesterone is also associated with miscarriage. Treatment with progesterone during pregnancy may help reduce the risk for premature birth among certain people. I'd be 5+0 weeks today. I got pg with DD first try. Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Share on Pinterest. hcg is 3280! By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. Can you have a successful pregnancy with low progesterone? I have had five pregnancies with low progesterone. We started progesterone 200mg immediately the next day. Anyone have a successful pregnancy outcome after being diagnosed with low progesterone in early pregnancy? If you get a positive reading on some of the days 7 through 10 but not all 4, that indicates that your body isn't producing enough progesterone after ovulation. It is possible to have a successful pregnancy with low progesterone if you are taking supplementation or being treated for low progesterone. However, if levels get too low, it can lead to health issues, including infertility. In this story, youll read about a woman who experienced multiple miscarriages before doctors suggested progesterone supplements to try to stop the miscarriages. But reading this gives me hope. A retrospective study was conducted at the Third . Does low progesterone contribute to fertility issues? I'm now happily 12 weeks pregnant. Trying not to let fear or anxiety overwhelm me. I also had a septum resected (I see from your siggy you had the same thing). This can also indicate an ectopic pregnancy, a rare complication that only occurs in 2 % of all pregnancies but needs immediate medical treatment. Hello there everyone! They did blood work on me and Ihave low progesterone. Once those hormonal issues are addressed, progesterone levels should be restored. For more information, see our. Current Clinical Irrelevance of Luteal Phase Deficiency: A Committee Opinion, Serum Progesterone Distribution in Normal Pregnancies Compared to Pregnancies Complicated by Threatened Miscarriage From 5 to 13 Weeks Gestation: A Prospective Cohort Study, A Randomized Trial of Progesterone in Women with Recurrent Miscarriages, Progesterone Treatment to Help Prevent Premature Birth, Progesterone and Pregnancy: A Vital Connection, Intramuscular Progesterone (Gestone) Versus Vaginal Progesterone Suppository (Cyclogest) for Luteal Phase Support in Cycles of In Vitro FertilizationEmbryo Transfer: Patient Preference and Drug Efficacy, Prevalence of Hypothyroidism in Infertile Women and Evaluation of Response of Treatment for Hypothyroidism on Infertility, Progesterone Supplementation in Women With Otherwise Unexplained Recurrent Miscarriages, Progesterone Supplementation and the Prevention of Preterm Birth, Use of Progesterone Supplement Therapy for Prevention of Preterm Birth: Review of Literatures, Pregnancy Loss (Miscarriage): Clinical Presentations, Diagnosis and Initial Evaluation, reviewed by our medical review board and team of experts, First trimester: 11.2 to 90 nanograms per milliliter (ng/ml), A threatened miscarriage (when there is vaginal bleeding, spotting and/or cramping in the first trimester), Swelling and bruising at the injection site.
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