a. b. d.)an impaired theory of mind. 31. )standardization; validity home environment and school environment. \text{American Instruments bonds}& \$ 850,000\\ )bipolar disorder. Taro and Kiichi are fraternal twins being raised by the same parents; Helene and Victoire are identical twins being raised by the same parents. )The Rorschach )repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). b. These seminars would likely be most effective in helping: c.)Psychotherapy When researchers combine and summarize the results of studies using this strategy, what overall conclusions emerge? b. To help Monica overcome her nearly irresistible craving for chocolate, a therapist provides her with a supply of chocolate candies that contain solidified droplets of a harmless but very bitter-tasting substance. What was the increase or decrease in the agencys net position for the period examined? c.)delusional thinking. Self-actualization is the ultimate psychological need. )becoming so absorbed in reading a book that we don't hear the telephone ring d.)All of these things classify Naima's behavior as a psychological disorder. \text{(Hint: Interest must be accrued. d.)5 percent. d.)psychoanalytic, a. in different species, which may be influenced by evolution. a. Since the time of Darwin, there have been many other scientists who have. Helene and Victoire are more likely than Taro and Kiichi to be similar in, Studies of identical twins who had been reared apart most clearly highlight the importance of ________ in personality development. )antisocial personality disorder. reticular formation. College students were asked to pretend that they were accused murderers. How can Dr. b. b. personal happiness. Critics of evolutionary psychology are particularly likely to emphasize that gender differences in mate preferences can also be byproducts of: Dr. Donelian wants to reduce his students' perception that psychological experiments merely document the obvious. d.)mood linkage. Monogamy (/ m n m i / m-NOG--mee) is a form of dyadic relationship in which an individual has only one partner during their lifetime. a. )Shanghai d.)groupthink. Raine reported reduced activity in the murderers' _____________ , which is a brain area that helps with impulse control. a. b. To match revenues and expenses properly, should the expense for employee vacation pay be recorded in the period during which the vacation privilege was earned or during the period in which the vacation is taken? C) develop their own theories. Caring for one's appearance does not depend on gender, and older people worry as much about . a. )obsessive-compulsive disorder. c. The next week, your wife can't believe you agreed to put the 3-foot sign on the front lawn. )Employed women have an hour more time to devote to taking care of the children. Most psychologists today agree with (1) but not with (2). c.)less; more cognitive psychology the study of the mental processes involved in perceiving, learning, remembering, thinking, communicating, and solving problems. a. )sexual conflicts during the adolescent years Contemporary psychology is best defined as the scientific study of. In 1921, Hermann Rorschach introduced what has become the most widely used ____________ test. The most controversial dissociative disorder involves extensive memory disruptions along with the presence of two or more distinct identities. )unconditional positive regard. Alternately, only one partner at any one time (serial monogamy) as compared to the various forms of non-monogamy (e.g., polygamy or polyamory).The term is also applied to the social behavior of some animals, referring to the state of . b.)acceptance. At about age 11 in girls and age 13 in boys, a surge of sex hormones triggers the onset of: b. )a dissociation. Nellie is a 30-year-old who has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. a. b. c.)a smaller cerebral cortex. Lenore most likely suffers from a(n): frontal lobes When scientists compared the brains of rats raised in an enriched environment with the brains of rats raised in an impoverished environment, the rats raised in an enriched environment had: c.)cooperation and social success at school. b. e. b. He has let a number of bills go unpaid and is sleeping 12-14 hours a day. Depending on environmental conditions, specific genes can be either She will set up a learning laboratory, and have participants deliver loud blasts of sound as punishment for incorrect answers (given by a confederate of the researcher). According to Carl Jung, the collective unconscious: However, monogamous relationships can also be explained using an evolutionary perspective. b. b. b. d.)erotic plasticity. Which country had the lowest rate of diagnosed psychological disorders? The shared human genetic profile is called the: The psycho dynamic approach got it's start from the work of Sigmund Freud. c.)seek healthy-looking mates. b. a. It is these programspsychological mechanismsthat are products of natural selection. C) )fundamental attribution error. a. Letting another person know that we sense and understand the feelings he or she is expressing to us best demonstrates: d.)the ego, _____________ is to the history of psychology as _____________ is to the history of rock music. )more people are biologically predisposed to fear guns than to fear snakes. First is evolutionary theory, which claims that behavioral tendencies, physical characteristics, and personality features that promote our chances to survive and reproduce become, by that virtue,. b.)genome. c.)cooperation and social success at school. )love their own children. The current meta-analysis examined 41 studies drawn primarily from North America and Europe and published between 1978 to 2020. a.)self-disclosure. d.)generalized anxiety disorder. b. C) underestimating gender differences in mate selection. )medical model. c.)inappropriate emotions. a. )Correlational analysis This best illustrates that anxiety disorders may result from: \hline & \boldsymbol{B}_1 & \boldsymbol{B}_2 & \boldsymbol{B}_3 & \boldsymbol{B}_4 \\ )attitude Marla's sense of social isolation and embarrassment result from the interaction of, Molecular geneticists would be most interested in studying. Compared with many Asian and African parents, today's North American parents are more likely to teach their children to value: Compared to North American children, Chinese children are likely to exhibit ________ respect for authority and ________ shyness toward strangers. b. Lars is an excellent violinist. b. a.)individualism. d)bisexual. )self-blaming and overgeneralized explanations of bad events. b. humanistic psychology, a movement in psychology supporting the belief that humans, as individuals, are unique beings and should be recognized and treated as such by psychologists and psychiatrists. d.)confirmation bias. amygdala A reduced level of synchronized neural activity in the frontal lobes has been associated with symptoms of: c.)social control. )generalized anxiety disorder. d.)clients never speak kindly about their therapists. d.)the mere exposure effect. Choose one of the CFO Act agencies to evaluate. d.)conditioning. )overestimating the consistency of behavior from one situation to another. b.)deindividuation. b. d. What is the probability that AAA or B3B_3B3 occurs? In this paper, we analyze the findings of biology and evolutionary medicine to better understand the phenomenon of pain . Copyright Cengage Learning. b.)deindividuation. )repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). d.)1 week, A patient recently admitted to the hospital is complaining of auditory hallucinations. The third approach arises out of the job stress literature. To determine if the drug is effective, he should: a. According to evolutionary psychology all humans share a universal _____ that has survived from a distant past in which we lived in small groups and punished those who directly harmed others. a. c.)2:1. Evolutionary psychology is most likely to emphasize that human adaptiveness to a variety of different environments has contributed to 4) reproductive success. )the bystander effect. Incorrect psychotherapy. d.)bipolar disorder. )borderline personality disorder. b. b. association areas, The home environment most clearly has a greater influence on children's ________ than on their ________. These problems indicate that Jonah has: What do psychologists who study evolution search for? Six-year-old Tommy wants his hair cut and combed like his father's. Edgar responds to his daughter's fistfight with, "Good girls don't fight!" c.)1 in 10 He also wants a new cap, shirt, and sweater to match his father's. a. ", Your conscious awareness of your own name and self-identity depends primarily on the normal functioning of your, A football quarterback can simultaneously make calculations of receiver distances, player movements, and gravitational forces. )bipolar disorder. c. behavior and mental processes. Although numerous individual studies have attempted to link child-parent attachment and prosociality, a systematic picture of that relationship requires a meta-analytic approach that considers different dimensions of prosociality and potential moderators. b. You agree. c.)moral instinct c.)20 percent. This type of attention problem is thought to contribute to: )sex hormones. Language abilities are often used as examples of domain-specific mecha-nisms. b. A researcher who assesses the heritability of intelligence is most likely a(n): Compared to identical twins, fraternal twins are ________ likely to be the same sex and ________ likely to be similar in extraversion. )slowly over a period of years. Historically there have been a variety of models used to explain psychological disorders. a. b. b. a. a. Research suggests that an especially effective treatment for her difficulty would involve: There are a host of factors that influence the salary that an evolutionary psychologist . d.)dysfunctional, d.)All these things classify Naima's behavior as a psychological disorder. d.)a larger number of synapses. )clients transfer their problems onto their therapists, but the problem still exists. c. )DSM-5 diagnosis. Susan Nolen-Hoeksema (2003) related women's higher risk of depression to what she described as their tendency to overthink and compulsively fret over problems and the causes of these problems. )The behavior is deviant for someone whose work does not demand it. d.)Freud; Elvis, b. Evolutionary psychologist studies human behaviour using informed biological approaches and modern evolutionary perspective. Cross-cultural research on human development indicates that: b. developmental processes are highly similar among individuals raised in different cultures. Yen is designing an experiment on obedience to authority. )double helix. )representing the consensus of a wide range of mental health professionals from many different organizations and perspectives. This approach to treatment best illustrates: An evolutionary psychologist would be likely to suggest that human preferences for sweet-tasting foods. a. d.)less likely to be the same sex and less likely to be similar in extraversion. Because Gretchen is afraid of contracting infectious diseases, she compulsively avoids shaking people's hands or touching doorknobs. The Subconscious is the key to mental health issues. c.)pineal gland a. Psychodynamic therapy has been found to be especially successful in the treatment of: This best illustrates the potentially harmful influence of, A stimulating environment is most likely to facilitate the development of a child's, Research on brain development suggests that repeated learning experiences seem to, a. strengthen neural connections at the location that processes the experiences, Jason was born with cataracts in both eyes. d.)"According to a National Research Council report, the popularity of this test says it is. Design an experiment to test whether drinking alcohol influences people's tendency to become socially aggressive. Evolutionary psychologists presume all human behaviours reflect the influence of physical and psychological predispositions that helped human ancestors survive and reproduce. c.)foot-in-the-door phenomenon. b. A behavior geneticist would be most interested in studying hereditary influences on A) skin color. a. )obsessive-compulsive disorder. c.)children are more likely to be safely cared for by biological fathers than by their stepfathers. Nadine has decided to seek help for some problems she is having. a.)2:3. For instance, evolutionary psychologists hypothesize that men may be more prone to casual sex because it benefits their ability to pass on genes. This is caused by: b. The following are the 7 approaches to psychology. d.)are at increased risk for antisocial behavior. d.)the placebo effect. not realizing that the person may be rushing to get to the hospital. Nancy's therapist is an active listener who often paraphrases what she says. According to _____________, by altering your behavior you stand a good chance of changing your attitude. )A young woman marries her high school sweetheart. b. Even though they were removed when he was 5, his lack of visual experiences during early childhood makes it likely that he has experienced. c.)clients have no need to believe or promote that the therapy was effective. )Nigeria )enabling clients to feel unconditionally accepted. thalamus b. d.)validity; standardization. a. "Evolutionary psychology and its causal mechanisms," he said, "are more fundamental than other branches of psychology and their causal explanations, which mostly deal with whole human beings." To reject evolutionary psychology is to reject broader reality; an outright rejection of biological and evolved realities is occurring. a. 1. )5 in 10 c.)escape from real-life pressures offered by psychotherapy. )panic disorder. The study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior and personality traits is known as A. molecular genetics. )schizotypal personality disorder. c.)Maslow's hierarchy of needs. a. d.)a negative explanatory style. b. d.)Italy, Which of the following is the lowest reported psychological disorder in the United States in 2008? This technique is known as the: d.)diminishing, Cynthia thinks that her new neighbor is mean and snobbish. a. Similar to this, evolutionary psychologists contend that women may emphasize long-term relationships more strongly since such partnerships are better for rearing children. Page 1 c. None. a. The anterior cingulate cortex is especially likely to be hyperactive in those with: )developmental psychology c.)patient's inability to distinguish between real events and dream images. )factor analytic political ideas. The concept of personality most clearly embodies the notion of: d.)client-centered therapy. Epigenetics refers to the c.)psychological As such, evolutionary psychologists would be most likely to predict that certain behaviors and traits are more likely to be present in individuals because they have been selected for over time due to their adaptive value in the environment in which they evolved. Incorrect natural selection. )sexual dysfunctions. Evolutionary psychology Charles Darwin was the first scientist to point out that our common responses to certain emotionally charged situations, like our hair standing on end when we are frightened, are responses that probably evolved hundreds of millions of years ago in our early animal ancestors. )personality traits. According to evolutionary psychologists, our predisposition to overconsume fatty junk foods illustrates that we are biologically prepared to behave in ways that promoted the ________ of our ancestors. c.)transgender. cerebellum. A behavior geneticist would be most interested in studying hereditary influences on A. skin color. The two sisters are most strikingly different in, Exceptionally timid and cautious infants tend to become shy and unassertive adolescents. )63 a. a.)rumination. a. )partial A person attacked by a fierce dog develops a fear of all dogs. Ornamentals fiscal year ends on December 31. Diane is constantly concerned about things at work even when she is at home. b. What scientist contributed to evolutionary theory? a. )illustrate neural plasticity. b. Parents and peers have complementary influences on children; but peers have a more important influence on: c.)is analogous to Freud's concept of the preconscious. Why is Naima's hand washing considered part of a psychological disorder, while Rana's is not? )Marshall, who has chronic schizophrenia d.)disorganized thoughts. b. )educational goals. )Freud; Billie Joe Armstrong Clearly, Jennifer is already acquiring a knowledge of traditional, Women's leadership responsibilities have most clearly been limited by their, A person's sense of being male or female is his or her gender, The acquisition of a masculine or a feminine gender role is referred to as. a. a. Evolutionary psychologists attribute the human tendency to fear snakes and heights to: a) gender schemas. d.)eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). The heritability of a specific trait will be lowest among genetically ________ individuals who have been raised in ________ environments. This disorder is called: c.)cyclothymic disorder. religious beliefs. b. Evolutionary psychologists are most likely to emphasize that human adaptiveness to a variety of different environments has contributed to human. c.)interpreting the meaning of clients' nonverbal behaviors. c.)latent d.)patient attempting to blame friends and acquaintances for his or her problems. Although the cause of antisocial personality disorder is unclear, some people do appear to have a genetic vulnerability. c.)overestimating the importance of reciprocal determinism on adult personality traits. d.)obsessive-compulsive disorder. Briefly identify the agencys financial situation by answering the following questions. a. Question 3. b. The chances for recovery from schizophrenia are considered to be greatest when the disorder develops: PET scan. a. nature or nurture. d. See Page 1. )posttraumatic stress disorder. Identifying the specific genes that contribute to alcoholism would be of most direct interest to: The impact of genes on observable traits can vary in different environments. a. d.)attitudes toward responsibility. d.)electrocardiogram (EKG). b. c.)a fugue state. )both a common language for labeling psychological disorders and comprehensive guidelines for diagnosing them. Researchers have found that matching Asian-American clients with counselors who share their cultural values facilitates: a. c.)delusional thinking. The company buys debt securities, intending to profit from short-term differences in price and maintaining them in an active trading portfolio. Immediately you yell out "Crazy driver!" Persuading depressed patients to reverse their catastrophizing beliefs about themselves and their futures is most characteristic of: The theory of evolution was originally presented by Charles Darwin. b. a. )overestimating the consistency of behavior from one situation to another. chromosomes. c.)the need to belong. It is an election year, and a volunteer asks if you would put a small sign in your yard. The market prices of the investments are, AmericanInstrumentsbonds$850,000M&DCorporationbonds$1,460,000(Hint:Interestmustbeaccrued. EEG. b) the X chromosome. c.)generalized anxiety disorder. 120 seconds. d.)light exposure therapy. )Larry effectively cope with dissociative identity disorder. Which of the following is NOT a reason for Gwen to be in this situation? d.)very rough guidelines for diagnosing mental disorders. Sold the Distribution Transformers bonds for $425,000. Virtual reality exposure therapy is most likely to prove effective in the treatment of: b. )binge eating an purging by self-induced vomitting, Patricia has been diagnosed with bulimia nervosa. )aversive conditioning. He does not judge her and is quite open to her exploration of her weaknesses. )83 People who are troubled by repetitive thoughts or actions are suffering from: d. c.)being 15 to 20 percent below her ideal body weight At her health club, Bonnie pedals an exercise bike much faster when other patrons are using nearby equipment. DSM-5 provides mental health professionals with: d.)posttraumatic stress disorder, In one study (Seal et al., 2007) of 103,788 veterans returning from Iraq and Afghanistan, _____ percent were diagnosed with a psychological disorder, in which the most frequent diagnosis was posttraumatic stress disorder. c.)empirically derived C) behavior genetics. c.)avoidant He felt very uncomfortable about having done this until he convinced himself that copying answers is not wrong if classmates are careless enough to expose their test sheets. c.)Factor analysis c.)Jose, who has a catatonia c.)schizophrenia. )"objectivity does not guarantee validity", You are an expert witness for the defense results of the MMPI. This study investigated singles' similarity preferences concerning their ideal partner's personality traits, physical attractiveness, and social resources, as well as potential moderators (fear of being single and mate value) and mediators (forecasted satisfaction). a. )Tonya, who has the positive symptoms of schizophrenia d.)striving for superiority. )stress c.)selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Racial differences in a highly heritable trait are not necessarily caused by: Our selective exposure to those life experiences that are best suited to our unique temperaments best illustrates the interaction of, Because Marla is the first girl in her fourth-grade class to sexually mature, she is sometimes teased and rejected by her classmates. Thus, her behavior is the result of: After three days of taking a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) Dennis is disappointed because he is not feeling any better. answer choices. d.)evolution. )if adopted children's adoptive parents have schizophrenia, they will, too. )patient unconsciously responding to the therapist as though the therapist were a significant person in the patient's life. Which brain structure relays information from the eyes to the visual cortex? b. Dr. Miller is most likely a (n): a) evolutionary psychologist. b.)neurogenesis. )bipolar disorder. e. C) behavior genetics. a. )avoidant personality disorder. d.)Jeremy effectively cope with antisocial personality disorder. )including some conditions that are too "normal" to be considered disorders, such as extreme sadness related to bereavement. )antisocial Recorded any necessary adjusting entry(s) relating to the investments. a. Lenore is continually tense and plagued by muscle tension, sleeplessness, and an inability to concentrate. b. )Darlene effectively cope with posttraumatic stress disorder. a. b. B) sexual anatomy. d.)projective, According to Freud, this part of the personality represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgment and for future aspirations. b. Evolutionary theorists assert that gender differences in spatial abilities reflect the division of labour in ancestral hunting and gathering societies in which males typically handled the hunting and females the gathering. According to Allport, personality should be described in terms of: He gives her appropriate validation and encourages her to reflect on her feelings. left-handers generally demonstrate less artistic competence than right-handers. b. John is most likely suffering from a(n): c.)Wilhelm Wundt; Elvis a. Cognition involves processes related to thinking, attention, memory, perception, problem-solving, knowing etc. A baby girl receives a(n) ________ chromosome from her ________. a.)transference. a. In addition, Tate seems to lack a conscience for wrongdoing. d.)conscious, b. c.)8 While Thomas disagrees with his boss, he laughs at the joke anyway to gain her approval. c.)quadrupled rate of reported juvenile violent crime. Marilyn thinks a strict class-attendance policy is an indication of her professor's overly controlling personality rather than a necessity dictated by the limited number of class sessions (the course meets only once a week). )the foot-in-the-door phenomenon.
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