At the First Battle of Manassas, near Manassas, Virginia, the similarity between the "Stars and Bars" and the "Stars and Stripes" caused confusion and military problems. All rights reserved. This flag was known as the 'Stars and Bars', though ironically the Stars and Bars have a completely different design as compared, to the rectangular Confederate flag. President Jefferson Davis arrived by train at Fairfax Station soon after and was shown the design for the new battle flag at the Ratcliffe House. This flag, made of Merino, was raised by Letitia Tyler over the Alabama state capitol. The First National Flag -- Stars and Bars May 4, 1861 - May 1, 1863 The Confederate States of America solicited designs for a national flag early in 1861. This caused major problems at the July 1861 Battle of First Manassas and during other skirmishes as some troops mistakenly fired on their own comrades. Stock photos, 360 images, vectors and videos. Though as compared to the Confederate Battle Flags, stars and bars were less known, this first flag was used as the official flag of the Confederacy from March 5, 1861, to May 26, 1863. ), and elements of the design by related similar female descendants organizations of the United Daughters of the Confederacy, (U.D.C. Even a few fourteen- and fifteen-starred ensigns were made to include states expected to secede but never completely joined the Confederacy. Thompson stated in April 1863 that he disliked the adopted flag "on account of its resemblance to that of the abolition despotism against which we are fighting."[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Isnt the Rectangular battle flag really the Navy Jack? The design that was rejected early in 1861 as the Confederate national flag was adopted by Joseph E. Johnson and P.G.T. These two designs were lost, and we only know of them thanks to an 1872 letter sent by William Porcher Miles to P. G. T. Beauregard. Then, as Confederate veterans began to die in the early 20th century, groups like the United Daughters of the Confederacy pushed to commemorate themand make their version of history the official doctrine of Southern states. After the war, this design was adopted as the official flag of the United Confederate Veterans and today most people refer to as The Confederate Flag. After the battle, General P. G. T. Beauregard wrote that he was "resolved then to have [our flag] changed if possible, or to adopt for my command a 'Battle flag', which would be Entirely different from any State or Federal flag". The song was sung by Mr. McCarthy in a New Orleans theater before a packed house. As word spread about the conservation program the flag of the 10th Louisiana Infantry was adopted by a Canadian Reenacting Group that portrayed the unit. The roughly 5,000-year-old human remains were found in graves from the Yamnaya culture, and the discovery may partially explain their rapid expansion throughout Europe. Unit abbreviations on two of the surviving flags were applied with separately cut and applied red cotton letters. Many Confederates disliked the Stars and Bars, seeing it as symbolic of a centralized federal power against which the Confederate states claimed to be seceding. The flag was issued in the fall of 1861. 2nd National Confederate Flag 2nd National Confederate Flag - Cotton 12 x 18 inch The Southern Cross symbolized rebelliousness,writes historian John M. Koskibut now it gained a more specific connotation of resistance to the civil rights movement and to racial integration.. And both South Carolina and Alabama began flying it over their capitols. The name derived from the blue canton with a circle of white stars and the three red, white, and red bars in the flag's field. But once Reconstructionended in 1877, white Southerners hastened to restore what they saw as their rightful place at the top of a racially segregated social order. on the subject of Regimental or badge flags made of red with two blue bars crossing each other diagonally on which shall be introduced the stars, We would then on the field of battle know our friends from our Enemies.[18]. Taking this into account, Miles changed his flag, removing the palmetto and crescent, and substituting a heraldic saltire ("X") for the upright cross. Stars and Bars (final version) The colors red, white and blue were symbolic of France, red and gold colors of Spain and 13 stripes of the United States. p. 211. These animals can sniff it out. No seven star Confederate flags survive from these states. The Bonnie Blue gained popularity throughout the South through the song THE BONNIE BLUE FLAG written by Harry McCarthy in 1861. A lithograph from 1897 displays four prominent designs of the Confederate flag and states that the images "help in keeping within us recollections of those who gave their lives to the 'Lost Cause,' and to perpetuate the memories and traditions of the South.". STARS AND BARS Images of 7 Star versions of the first Confederate national flag. Johnston also specified the various sizes to be used by different types of military units. READ MORE The Dixiecrats adoption of the Confederate battle flag as a party symbol led to a surge in the banners popularity, and a flag fad spread from college campuses to Korean War battlefields and beyond. Save up to 30% when you upgrade to an image pack. 1863-1865 version of Confederate Flag. Rogers defended his redesign as symbolizing the primary origins of the people of the Confederacy, with the saltire of the Scottish flag and the red bar from the flag of France, and having "as little as possible of the Yankee blue" the Union Army wore blue, the Confederates gray.[13]. Stars and Bars (First National Flag) image by Wayne J. Lovett, 24 June 2001 The flag which first flew over Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor, SC in 1861. It is historically also known as Memorial Hall. The new year once started in Marchhere's why, Jimmy Carter on the greatest challenges of the 21st century, This ancient Greek warship ruled the Mediterranean, How cosmic rays helped find a tunnel in Egypt's Great Pyramid, Who first rode horses? ", The square "battle flag" is also properly known as "the flag of the Army of Northern Virginia". The Confederacy adopted a total of three national flags before its collapse in 1865. It resembles the Yankee flag, and that is enough to make it unutterably detestable." The Adopt-A-Flag Program was initiated. Although future official Confederate banners did incorporate its symbolism in the left-hand corner, they instead added a white field that represented purity. [18] The "Stars and Bars" was also criticized on ideological grounds for its resemblance to the U.S. flag. That flag was a blue St George's Cross (an upright or Latin cross) on a red field, with 15 white stars on the cross, representing the slave-holding states,[38][39] and, on the red field, palmetto and crescent symbols. The Stars and Bars served as the first national flag of the Confederate States of America from 4 Mar. [15], A monument in Louisburg, North Carolina, claims the "Stars and Bars" "was designed by a son of North Carolina / Orren Randolph Smith / and made under his direction by / Catherine Rebecca (Murphy) Winborne. The Audience went wild, and the song was an instant success. He also argued that the diagonal cross was "more Heraldric [sic] than Ecclesiastical, it being the 'saltire' of Heraldry, and significant of strength and progress. Although the creating legislation for the national flag adopted by the Confederate Provisional Congress on 4 March 1861 did not specify the proportions that the new national flag was to follow, the Confederate War Department shortly afterward determined on the sizes for the military garrison and storm flags. With the war over, the South entered Reconstruction, a period during which the now reunified United States ended slavery and gave Black Americans citizenship and voting rights. While no standard proportions or sizes prevailed nationwide in the Confederate States of America, a survey of 112 identified company or regimental flags from the cis-Mississippi states that conform to the pattern of the Confederate 1st national flag does indicate that several regional variations do predominate. Because of the large number of Tennessee regiments in this corps the flag is sometimes referred to as the Tennessee Moon flag. Miles described his rejected national flag design to Beauregard. These skeletons may have the answer, Scientists are making advancements in birth controlfor men, Blood cleaning? Choose from a wide range of high quality 4K or HD videos and footage. When a mob of armed insurgents flooded the U.S. Capitol on January 6, 2021, they brought an accessory: the Confederate battle flag. It was never the official flag of the Confederacy. He described the idea in a letter to his commanding General Joseph E. Johnston: I wrote to [Miles] that we should have 'two' flags a 'peace' or parade flag, and a 'war' flag to be used only on the field of battle but congress having adjourned no action will be taken on the matter How would it do us to address the War Dept. Miles' flag lost out to the "Stars and Bars". Over the years the flag was changed by adding and . When rebels fired on Fort Sumter in April 1861, theyflew a blue banner with a single white star called the Bonnie Blue Flag. LEE. Generals Beauregard and Johnston and Quartermaster General Cabell approved the 12-star Confederate Battle Flag's design at the Ratcliffe home, which served briefly as Beauregard's headquarters, near Fairfax Court House in September 1861. On May 1, 1863, the Confederacy adopted its first official national flag, often called the Stainless Banner. Across the South, Citizens Councils and the Ku Klux Klanflew the battle flag as they intimidated Black citizens. Its continued use by the Southern Army's post-war veteran's groups, the United Confederate Veterans (U.C.V.) One such 12-star flag resides in the collection of Richmond's Museum of the Confederacy and the other is in the Confederate Memorial Hall Museum in New Orleans. The "Stars and Bars" The First Confederate National Flag (1861 - 1863) The Confederate Battle Flag (1861-1865) VII. Thereafter, the number of stars continued to increase until Tennessee gained her seat as the 11th State on 2 July 1861. Heres the technology that helped scientists find itand what it may have been used for. Today, alongside the nations growing acknowledgment of systemic racism and widespread Black Lives Matterprotests, the Confederate flag predictably makes appearances at white supremacist gatherings. The committee asked the public to submit thoughts and ideas on the topic and was, as historian John M. Coski puts it, "overwhelmed by requests not to abandon the 'old flag' of the United States." From the heartland of the Confederacy (Tennessee and Kentucky) 18 identified flags were surveyed. Which travel companies promote harmful wildlife activities? Beauregard gave a speech encouraging the soldiers to treat the new flag with honor and that it must never be surrendered. (Physical symbols of white supremacy are coming down. The similarity between the stars and bars and the stars and strips caused many cases of mistaken identity during the first battle of Manassas or Bull Run in July of 1861. The diagonal cross was preferable, he wrote, because "it avoided the religious objection about the cross (from the Jews and many Protestant sects), because it did not stand out so conspicuously as if the cross had been placed upright thus." The thirteen stars stand for the thirteen states that were . Besides, many military units had their own regimental flags they would carry into battle. A mans world? Note, this is not to be confused with the Confederate Battle Flag. The Dixiecrat-era fad flag stoked its sale on everything from T-shirts to mugs and bumper stickers. A crowd of white teenagers protest school integration in Montogmery, Alabama, in 1963. [12], Flag of Alabama (obverse)(January 11, 1861), Flag of Alabama (reverse)(January 11, 1861), Flag of South Carolina (January 26, 1861), Cherokee Braves Regiment (modern-day Oklahoma)[citation needed], Flag of the Choctaw Brigade (modern-day Oklahoma) (adopted in 1860)[citation needed], Flag of the Muscogee (Creek) Nation[citation needed], Flag made for the Confederate Seminole (reconstruction; exact shades and layout unknown)[36]. In this image from January 6, 2021, a man flies the flag at the rally for then-President Donald Trump that led to an armed siege of the U.S. Capitol. Blue Collar. The first flag was raised over the capitol in Montgomery by Miss Letitia Christian Tyler, the granddaughter of President John Tyler. The design of the Stars and Bars varied over the following two years. A white rectangle two times as wide as it is tall, a red quadrilateral in the canton, inside the canton is a blue saltire with white outlining, with thirteen white five-pointed stars of equal size inside the saltire. June 14, 2020. The version produced even today for the Stars and Bars, or First National Confederate, features the original seven star pattern in the blue canton. In the early summer of 1861, the army was renamed the Army of Northern Virginia (ANV) commanded by Gen. R.E. The first official flag of the confederacy was the Stars and Bars, and was reported to the provisional congress of the C.S. But as secession got underway, the Confederate States of America adopted a flag that riffed off the Unions stars and stripes. Kentucky), and even from Union states (such as New York). By the early 20th century, white Southerners had mythologized an imagined South that fought the war not to uphold slavery but to protect states rights and a genteel way of lifean idyll endangered by Northern aggression and interference.
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