Only bacteria are chemolithotrophs. Microbiology of a Sediment Pond and the Underlying Young, Cold, Hydrologically Active Ridge Flank. and transmitted securely. Google Scholar, Bak, F., Cypionka, H. 1987 A novel type of energy metabolism involving fermentation of inorganic sulfur compounds Nature 326 891892, Bak, F., Pfennig, N. 1987 Chemolithotrophic growth of Desulfovibrio sulfodismutans sp. van Verseveld, H. W., Stouthamer, A. H. 1978. By accepting, you agree to the updated privacy policy. Lett. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. Encyclopedia.com. Origins of Life 8:173174. Broda, E. 1977b. Bacteriol. Refer to each styles convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. Prokaryotes, 2, 441456. A novel type of facultative autotroph Arch. Sci Total Environ. These organisms require both ATP and reducing power (i.e. 0000021093 00000 n The electrons are passed off to carriers within the electron transport chain, generating a proton motive force that is used to generate ATP with the help of ATP synthase. You can also search for this author in It appears that you have an ad-blocker running. Eccleston, M., Kelly, D. P. 1978. Microbiol. Thus, nitrogen fixation must take place in an anaerobic environment. eCollection 2022. Enjoy access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more from Scribd. 0000016332 00000 n Chemolithotrophic bacteria with the ability to use inorganic sources were discovered by Winograsky, one of the modern microbiology pioneers, in late 1880 (1). New York: Academic Press. 3 159196, Rittenberg, S. C. 1972 The obligate autotrophthe demise of a concept Antonie van Leeuwenhoek J. Microbiol. Presentation by: Specialist phototrophs, litho-trophs, and methylotrophs: A unity among a diversity of pro-caryotes? This kind of bacterial metabolism is referred to as mixotrophy. B. Microbiol. The metabolism of inorganic sulphur compounds by thiobacilli. A., Norris, P. R., Kelly, D. P. 1980 Metal-tolerant microorganisms of hot, acid environments G. W. Gould and J. E. L. Corry (ed.) } The process was first described by the Russian microbiologist Sergej Winogradsky (1887, 1888). "Chemoautotrophic and Chemolithotrophic Bacteria The smaller the distance between the two, the less ATP that will be formed. To save content items to your account, nov., comprising a distinct lineage of the Archaea, International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, Ferroglobus placidus gen. nov., sp. CAS Examples of chemoautotrophic nitrifying bacteria include Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter. The observation of such flexibility should stimulate us to ask just how adaptable the physiology of the lithotrophs may be: whether, for example . Journal of General Microbiology 107:123130. These bacteria are distinct from the sulfur bacteria that utilize sunlight. As with chemoorganotrophs, metabolism of chemolithotrophs requires ATP and NAD (P)H for carbon metabolism and biosynthetic processes. Chemolithotrophic bacteria with the ability to use inorganic sources were discovered by Winograsky, one of the modern microbiology pioneers, in late 1880 (1). Chemoautotrophs generally fall into several groups: methanogens, sulfur oxidizers and reducers, nitrifiers, anammox bacteria, and thermoacidophiles. ), Microbial growth and survival in extremes of environment. Springer, Dordrecht. and Metabolism Google Scholar. The roles of exogenous organic matter in the physiology of chemolithotrophic bacteria. Botanische Zeitung 45:489600, 606616. 11 157182, van der Graaf, A. 1986a Microoxic-anoxic niche of Beggiatoa spp. In elementary particle physics, t, Aerobic Growth yields and the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation during autotrophic growth of Paracoccus denitrificans on methanol and formate. Lyalikova, N. N. 1972. Peck, H. D. 1968. bacteria Part of Springer Nature. FEMS Microbiology Letters 2: 305307. ." A., Norris, P. R., Kelly, D. P. 1980. The bacteria, vol. Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. Our results show the dominance of chemolithotrophic processes on the surface of biochar and MEB that can contribute to carbon sequestration in soil. 33 slides Chemoautotrophs and photosynthetic eubacteria ramukhan 9.5k views 70 slides FERMENTATIONS , PHOTOSYNTHESIS & NITROGEN FIXATION Vidya Kalaivani Rajkumar 1k views 23 slides B.Sc Micro II Microbial physiology Unit 1 Bacterial Photosynthesis Rai University 48.2k views 68 slides Slideshows for you Evidence for the presence of ribulose 1,5-bisphos-phate carboxylase and phosphoribulokinase in Methylo-coccus capsulatus (Bath). 0000047357 00000 n Chemotrophs can be either autotrophic or heterotrophic. 19 5660, Fuchs, G. 1989 Alternative pathways of autotrophic CO2 fixation H. G. Schlegel and B. Bowien (ed.) ), Bacterial leaching. The term "Chemolithotrophy" refers to the gain of energy for cell biosynthesis and maintenance from the oxidation of inorganic compounds (= electron donors), in the absence of light (Kelly and Wood, 2006).The process was first described by the Russian microbiologist Sergej Winogradsky (1887, 1888).Chemolithotrophy is a strategy unique to some prokaryotes (i.e., Bacteria and Archaea), the . 0000002764 00000 n Springer-Verlag Berlin 509515, Hempfling, W. P., Vishniac, W. 1967 Yield coefficients of Thiobacillus neapolitanus in continuous culture J. Bacteriol. [1] These molecules can be organic (chemoorganotrophs) or inorganic (chemolithotrophs). Chemolithoautotrophic bacteria - Cambrian Foundation Examples of iron bacteria are Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and Thiobacillus thiooxidans. An example of a colorless sulfur bacteria is the genus Thiothrix. Biochar-induced negative carbon mineralization priming effects in a coastal wetland soil: Roles of soil aggregation and microbial modulation. 1988 Growth of Nitrobacter in the absence of dissolved oxygen Water Res. Aleem, M. I. H., Hoch, G. E., Varner, J. E. 1965. It seems that the discovery and study of the novel chemolithotrophic bacteria and investigation of their features can be helpful in medical and pharmaceutical sciences. 2017 Mar 1;581-582:689-696. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.181. Front Microbiol. Alvarez, M., Barton, L. L. 1977. Weinheim: Verlag Chemie. 18421858, Kelly, D. P. 1990 Energetics of chemolithotrophs T. A. Krulwich (ed.) Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. Instant access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, podcasts and more. Serol. [6][7][8][9] Most animals and fungi are examples of chemoheterotrophs, as are halophiles. Microbiol. 0000022625 00000 n Lithoautotroph. 164 180185, Evans, M. C. W., Buchanan, B. 211240. Accordingly, it was . Kelly, D. P., Wood, A. P., Gottschal, J. C., Kuenen, J. G. 1979. Microbiol. Badziong, W., Thauer, R. K., Zeikus, J. G. 1978. Roy. 59 29182926, Wachtershauser, G. 1988 Before enzymes and templates: theory of surface metabolism Microbiol. The scale bar represents 5% nucleotide substitutions. In: Florkin, M., Mason, H. S. A., Norris, P. R., Kelly, D. P., Le Roux, N. W. 1978. PDF Chemolithotroph Bacteria: From Biology to Application in Medical Sciences Growth kinetics of Thiobacillus denitrificans in anaerobic and aerobic chemostat culture. 2, part I. London: John Wiley & Sons. Microbiol. The position of nitrate respiration in evolution. Two kinds of lithotrophs missing in nature. 05 September 2012. Moreover, it has been suggested that the metabolic capabilities of extremophiles could be duplicated on extraterrestrial planetary bodies. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 23:319324. Taylor, S. 1977. Microbiol. Chemolithotrophs include organisms that exhibit extraordinary diversity in the range of substrates metabolized by different genera, in their modes of carbon nutrition, and in the variety of morphology and habitat. 0000000016 00000 n Growth yields and growth rates of Desulfovibrio vulgaris (Marburg) growing on hydrogen plus sulfate and hydrogen plus thiosulfate as the sole energy sources. 0000008879 00000 n These are called chemolithotrophs. Centralblatt fr Bakteriologie und Parasitenkunde, Abt. Marine ecology, vol. Pan Y, Kang P, Tan M, Hu J, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Song N, Li X. nov., a thermoacidophilic, aerobic, hydrogen-oxidizing bacterium requiring elemental sulfur for growth Int. 1966 A new ferredoxin-dependent carbon reduction cycle in a photosynthetic bacterium Proc. 0000016244 00000 n Epub 2019 Jan 24. London B298 499528, Kelly, D. P., Wood, A. P. 1982 Autotrophic growth of Thiobacillus A2 on methanol FEMS Microbiol. Tech. nov., a facultatively anaerobic, facultatively autotrophic sulphur bacterium J. Gen. Microbiol. 0000015112 00000 n However, the date of retrieval is often important. 0000002800 00000 n Root exudates and rhizosphere soil bacterial relationships of. Oparin, A. I. 116 4149, PubMed Microbial chemolithotrophy mediates oxidative weathering of - PNAS Bacteria which use chemolithotrophic energy metabolism are soil and water species in the order Pseudomonadales, suborder Pseudomonadineae. Acad. Ecol. Microbiol. Stannous and cuprous ion oxidation by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans. 0000002568 00000 n 151 1519, Nishihara, H., Igarashi, Y., Kodawa, T. 1989 Isolation of an obligately chemolithoautotrophic, halophilic and aerobic hydrogen-oxidizing bacterium from marine environment Arch. Microbiol. Total loading time: 0 12 337342, Bock, E. 1976 Growth of Nitrobacter in the presence of organic matter. 62 947953, Hanert, H. 1981 The genus Gallionella M. P. Starr, H. Stolp, H. G. Trper, A. Balows, and H. G. Schlegel (ed.) Chemoautotrophs thrive in such an environment. Microbial Physiol. Bergey's classification presentation - SlideShare Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. Autotrophic bacteria Springer-Verlag, Berlin and Science Tech Publishers Madison WI 365382, Galtier, N., Tourasse, N., Gouy, M. 1999 A nonhyperthermophilic common ancestor to extant life forms Science 283 220221, Gautier, D. 1992 Primitive planetary atmospheres: origin and evolution J. Tran Thanh Van, K. Tran Thanh Van, J. C. Mounlou, J. Schneider, and C. McKay (eds.) Three distinct physiological types of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria were enriched and isolated from samples collected at . Annual Review of Microbiology 25:177210. The results show that the biochar and the MEBs harbor distinct bacterial communities to the bulk soil. India, nitrate and sulfate reduction ; methanogenesis and acetogenesis, Biosynthesis and Metabolism of Carbohydrates in Bacteria, Potential application of fungi in industry final, Historical developments, microorganisms important in food bacteria. 0000008410 00000 n Iron is a trace element in marine environments. 150 117125, Gottschal, J. C., de Vries, S., Kuenen, J. G. 1979 Competition between the facultatively chemolithotrophic Thiobacillus A2, an obligat, Grabovich, M. Y., Dubinina, G. A., Lebedeva, V. Y., Churikova, V. V. 1998 Mixotrophic and lithoheterotrophic growth of the freshwater filamentous sulfur bacterium Beggiatoa leptomitiformis D-402 Microbiology (Moscow) 67 383388, Gribaldo, S., Cammarano, P. 1998 The root of the universal tree of life inferred from anciently duplicated genes encoding components of the protein-targeting machinery J. Mol. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox. Bacteriol. 22 245250, Bock, E., Koops, H.-P., Mller, U. C., Rudert, M. 1990 A new facultatively nitrite-oxidizing bacterium, Nitrobacter vulgaris sp. chemolithotrophy, hydrogen oxidizers, hydrogenase, sulfur oxidizers, sulfite oxidase, nitrogen oxidizers, nitrification, iron oxidizers, chemolithoautotroph, reverse electron flow, chemolithoheterotroph, mixotroph, nitrogen fixation, diazotroph, nitrogenase, symbiotic nitrogen-fixing organisms, Rhizobium, legume, free-living nitrogen-fixing organisms, Cyanobacteria, heterocyst, assimilation, ammonia assimilation, assimilative nitrate reduction, denitrification, dissimilatory nitrate reduction, anammox, anaerobic ammonia oxidation, anammoxosome. Rev. Microbiol. 129 28472855, Robertson, L. A., Kuenen, J. G. 1991 The colorless sulfur bacteria A. Balows, H. G. Truper, M. Dworkin, W. Harder, and K.-H. Schleifer (ed.s) The prokaryotes, 2nd ed., Springer-Verlag New York NY 385413, Ruby, E. G., Wirsen, C. O., Jannasch, H. W. 1981 Chemolithotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria from the Galapagos rift hydrothermal vents App. European Journal of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 5:291299. 47 593595, Beh, M., Strauss, G., Huber, R., Stetter, K. O., Fuchs, G. 1993 Enzymes of the reductive citric acid cycle in the autotrophic eubacterium Aquifex neutrophilus Arch. 0000007777 00000 n 10 209212, Fromageot, C., Senez, J. C. 1960 Aerobic and anaerobic reactions of inorganic substances M. Florkin and H. S. Mason (ed.) Do not sell or share my personal information, 1. Kelly, D., and Wood, A. P., 2006. Even after decades of studies on sulfur oxidation by these bacteria, this problem has not been fully resolved although it is widely thought . 2019Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. How do free living nitrogen fixers and plant associated nitrogen fixers differ? 48 105109, Friedrich, C., Mitrenga, G. 1981 Oxidation of thiosulfate by Paracoccusdenitrificans and other hydrogen bacteria FEMS Microbiol. 114 113, Kelly, D. P. 1981 Introduction to the chemolithotrophic bacteria M. P. Starr, H. Stolp, H. G. Trper, A. Balows, and H. G. Schlegel (ed.) Madigan, M., and Martinko, J. CrossRef Biotechnol. Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series. 38 457478, Robertson, L. A., Kuenen, J. G. 1983 Thiosphaera pantotropha gen. nov. sp. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves. Anammox or anaerobic ammonia oxidation is performed by marine bacteria, relatively recently discovered, that utilize nitrogen compounds as both electron acceptor and electron donor as a way for the cell to generate energy. 47 522528, Nelson, D. C., Hagen, D. C. 1996 Organic carbon utilization by obligately and facultatively autotrophic Beggiatoa strains in homogeneous and gradient cultures Appl. Evol. PubMed Such beneficial outcomes could be partially mediated by soil bacteria, however little is known about how they directly interact with biochar or MEB. Bacterial energetics Academic Press San Diego. Altmetric. 1976 Ferric iron reduction by sulfur-and iron-oxidizing bacteria Appl. 42 483492, Umbreit, W. W. 1947 Problems of autotrophy Bact. B., Arnon, D. I. 1977 Evaluation of continuous chemostat cultivation of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans on ferrous iron or tetrathionate W. Schwartz (ed.) Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 32:567571. 140 321325, Lane, D. J., Harrison, A. P., Stahl, D., Pace, B., Giovannoni, S. J., Olsen, G. J., Pace, N. P. 1992 Evolutionary relationships among sulfur-and iron-oxidizing eubacteria J. Bacteriol. Gen. Microbiol 27 121149, Winogradsky, S. 1887 ber Schwefelbacterien Bot. Denitrifying microbes perform anaerobic respiration, using NO3- as an alternate final electron acceptor to O2. 1998 Phylogeny of dissimilatory sulfite reductases supports an early origin of sulfate respiration J. Bacteriol. . Microbiol. Comparative biochemistry Academic Press New York 1 347409, Fuchs, T., Huber, H., Burggraf, S., Stetter, K. O. A., Norris, P. R., Kelly, D. P., Le Roux, N. W. 1978 Characteristics of a moderately thermophilic and acidophilic iron-oxidizing Thiobacillus Europ. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in abundant at hydrothermal vents of the Guaymas Basin Appl. Chemolithotroph - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics If the energy source consists of large chemicals that are complex in structure, as is the case when the chemicals are derived from once-living organisms, then it is the chemoautotrophic bacteria that utilize the source. Find out more about saving to your Kindle. "Chemoautotrophic and Chemolithotrophic Bacteria Kelly, D. P. 1967. 2022 Sep 12;13:924137. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.924137. Indeed, the inorganic processes associated with chemoautotrophs and chemolithotrophs may make these bacteria one of the most important sources of weathering and erosion of rocks on Earth. Microbiol. By whitelisting SlideShare on your ad-blocker, you are supporting our community of content creators. A new proposal for the classification of prokaryotic organisms Mol. Wang N, Chang ZZ, Xue XM, Yu JG, Shi XX, Ma LQ, Li HB. [10], Iron is a very important element required by living organisms to carry out numerous metabolic reactions such as the formation of proteins involved in biochemical reactions. of your Kindle email address below. Baas Becking, L. G. M., Parks, G. S. 1927. trailer Biochemical reaction mechanisms in sulphur oxidation by chemosynthetic bacteria. Smith, A. J., Hoare, D. S. 1977. CAS 80 501507, Metzdorf, N., Kaltwasser, H. 1988 Utilization of organic compounds as the sole source of nitrogen by Thiobacillus thiooxidans Arch. Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology (1923- 1994) 9 Editions (1 volume each )-These are mainly phenetic First edition-1923 (one volume) Seventh edition-1957 (one volume) 8th edition-1975 (one volume) 9th . Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in 1992 Life at the upper temperature border J. Tran Thanh Van, K. Tran Thanh Van, H. C. Mounlou, J. Schneider, and C. McKay (ed.s) Frontiers of life, Editions Frontieres Gif-sur-Yvette France 195219, Taylor, S. 1977 Evidence for the presence of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase and phosphoribulokinase in Methylococcuscapsulatus (Bath) FEMS Microbiol. nov. with emendation of the genus Microbiology (UK) 141 14691477, Katayama-Fujimura, Y., Kuraishi, H. 1983 Emendation of Thiobacillus perometabolis London and Rittenberg, 1967 Int. 0 What are the different mechanisms of nitrogen metabolism? 1974. Presence of genes and pathways in a given bacterial genome is indicated by colored dots (legend at lower left). PDF Chemolithotroph Bacteria: From Biology to Application in Medical Sciences This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. Biol. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek Journal of Microbiology and Serology 42:483492. Bioleaching: metal solubilization by microorganisms Environ. Such taxonomic lumping does have value since some fundamental aspects of carbon and energy metabolism unify many of chemolithotrophs into an acceptable physiological family. 167 106111, Schnheit, P., Schfer, T. 1995 Metabolism of hyperthermophiles World J. Microbiol. Problems of the autotrophic microorganisms. Rev. Chemolithotrophy (Chapter 10) - Bacterial Physiology and Metabolism Bacteriological Reviews 41:419448. Biotechnol. The chemolithotrophic bacteria and archaea are defined by their ability to oxidize inorganic atoms or molecules as a growth-supporting reductant and energy source. Its role in the metabolism of some chemolithotrophs is probably very ancient. 108 287292, Krmer, M., Cypionka, H. 1989 Sulfate formation via ATP sulfurylase in thiosulfate-and sulfite-disproportionating bacteria Arch. Symposium of the Society for General Microbiology 27:121149. Comparative metabolism of inorganic sulphur compounds in microorganisms. Sci. Kelly, D. P., Eccleston, M., Jones, C. A. Soil biochar amendment as a climate change mitigation tool: Key parameters and mechanisms involved. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. In this chemolithotrophic reaction, ammonia is oxidized anaerobically as the electron . One way of understanding the environment is to understand the way matter and energy flow through the natural world. Chemoautotrophic bacteria and chemolithotrophic bacteria obtain their energy from the oxidation of inorganic (non-carbon) compounds. From: Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences, 2014 Related terms: pH Bacterium Oxidation Mutation nov., Thiothrix unzii sp. Download preview PDF. It appears that you have an ad-blocker running. Springer, New York, NY. 0000084636 00000 n We've updated our privacy policy. - 103.138.151.18. We've encountered a problem, please try again. 2325 0 obj <>stream But, chemoautotrophs and chemolithotrophs do not usually face competition from other microorganisms , so the energy they are able to obtain is sufficient to sustain their existence. 0000047273 00000 n 169 364368, Odintsova, E. V., Wood, A. P., Kelly, D. P. 1993 Chemolithoautotrophic growth of Thiothrix ramosa Arch. Plant and Soil 43:587601. Rev. Natl. The site is secure. (ed.) Bacteria / isolation & purification. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Coupled Photochemical and Enzymatic Mn(II) Oxidation Pathways of a Planktonic Roseobacter-Like Bacterium A non-nitrogen compound would serve as the electron acceptor. Nitrogen fixation is an extremely energy and electron intensive process, in order to break the triple bond in N2 and reduce it to NH3. Rev. M.D. Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. To process this carbon source, the bacteria require energy. Meyer, O., Schlegel, H. G. 1978. 1977. Chemoautotrophic bacteria live in a symbiotic relationship with these worms which have no digestive tract, making organic molecules for the worms from hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide and oxygen. Suzuki, I. PMC This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. Sci. SEEMA YADAV. The capacity of photo-trophic sulfur bacterium Thiocapsa roseopersicina for chemosynthesis. Acad. 15 229233, Kelly, D. P., Kuenen, J. G. 1984 Ecology of the colourless sulphur bacteria G. A. Codd (ed.) Assimilative nitrate reduction is a reduction of nitrate to cellular nitrogen, in a multi-step process where nitrate is reduced to nitrite then ammonia and finally into organic nitrogen. Hempfling, W. P., Vishniac, W. 1967. In: Schwartz, W., (ed. Chemolithotrophs are the ones those grow on supplement of oxidizable sulfur compounds such as Thiobacillus neapolitanus, Thiobacillus thioxidans (extreme acidiophiles), Thiobacillus thiospora, Thiobacillus denitrificans (facultative denitrifiers), Thiobacillus halophilus (halophiles) and Thiobacillus ferrooxidans (acidophilic ferrous 0000006065 00000 n We therefore analyzed the diversity and functions of bacterial communities on the surfaces of one biochar and two different MEBs after a 140-day incubation in soil. 2023 Feb 17;20(4):3587. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20043587. Has data issue: true (PDF) Chemolithotrophy - ResearchGate <<2BA946479B978D4B846C4D95FC028DE9>]/Prev 510177/XRefStm 2347>> The obligate autotrophthe demise of a concept. The reactions occur within the anammoxosome, a specialized cytoplasmic structure which constitutes 50-70% of the total cell volume. 2, part I 960, Schmidt, I., Bock, E. 1997 Anaerobic ammonia oxidation with nitrogen dioxide by Nitrosomonas eutropha Arch. Chemoautotrophs include bacteria, fungi , animals, and protozoa . 0000043076 00000 n 15 340351, Ishii, M., Miyake, T., Satoh, T., Sugiyama, H., Oshima, Y., Igarashi, Y. Accessibility J. Microbiol. Epub 2017 Aug 19. (eds) The Prokaryotes. Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. Appl. ( a, Image of ( a ) a bright-field STEM and ( b ) a, MeSH 0000024652 00000 n Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. Oxidation kinetics and chemo-stat growth kinetics of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans on tetrathio-nate and thiosulfate. Microbial Physiology Pune-4, Biochemistry: A Brief History of Biochemsitry, A Pragmatic Approach for Solving the Sports Scheduling Problem-presentation.pdf. 15. 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Zeitschrift fr Allgemeine Mikrobiologie 12:311346. The process can use oxidative phosphorylation, just like aerobic and anaerobic respiration, but now the substance being oxidized (the electron donor) is an inorganic compound.
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